Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by diphenylmethane diisocyanate followed by acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis after exposure to a toluene diisocyanate alkyd paint

Details

• Personal Author:
  Coe J ; Grammer LC ; Hessl SM ; Orris, Peter ; Ugolini C ; Watkins J
• Description:
  Isocyanates are a common cause of occupational asthma and have also been associated with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). We report a case of acute HP after a short exposure to TDI which was preceded by chronic HP from repeated exposures to an MDI foaming process. A 40 year old man, in April 1988, was employed to inject MDI polyurethane foam into automobile alarm boxes. Three weeks later he noted a nonproductive cough when working with MDI. This cough worsened and often woke him from sleep. His symptoms progressed over the next 1.5 years to include shortness of breath and blood-streaked sputum at work. A distinctive odor was noted with the process, ventilation measures were poor, and no respiratory protection was worn. The worker was laid off in November 1989. Three weeks later he started a new job at an auto dealership where extensive maintenance painting of air ducts and pipes was in progress. The paint contained TDI. On the second day he became acutely ill and reported fever (105F), hemoptysis, shortness of breath, and general malaise. He was hospitalized and initial findings included an oral temperature of 101.6F, respirations of 24/minute, bibasilar inspiratory fine crackles, arterial blood gases with pH 7.47; pC0231.5; Pa02 54.3 rom Hg. IgE and IgG specific serum antibodies titers to MDI-Human Serum Albumin were 1:250 and 1:10,000 respectively. Three months later a methacholine challenge test was strongly positive. Presently, two years after discharge, he has a restrictive lung impairment and persistent bronchial hyperreactivity. This worker represents a case of HP caused by isocyanates with evidence of cross reactivity between MDI and TDI. The acute HP has been followed by bronchial hyperreactivity for two years without signs of improvement. This is also a possible second case of isocyanate hemorrhagic HP as previously described by Roy Patterson et al. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Antibodies Asthma Asthma, Occupational Automobiles Case Reports Hypersensitivity Isocyanates Lung Lung Diseases Methacholine Compounds Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Paint Polyurethanes Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Safety

  More +
• Keywords:
  Airway-obstruction Airway-resistance Antibody-response Automobile-repair-shops Bronchial-asthma Case-studies Employee-exposure Lung-disorders Lung-function Methacholines Painting Paints Polyurethane-foams Pulmonary-system-disorders Respiratory-system-disorders Short-term-exposure

  More +
• ISSN:
  0003-0805
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  Illinois ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 5 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DRDS - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  145
• Issue:
  4
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20044901
• Citation:
  Am Rev Respir Dis 1992 Apr; 145(4)(Pt 2)(Meeting Abstracts):A492
• CAS Registry Number:
  Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (CAS RN 101-68-8) ; Toluene diisocyanate (CAS RN 26471-62-5)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1992
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Part Number:
  2
• Source Full Name:
  American Review of Respiratory Disease
• Supplement:
  Meeting Abstracts
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:99b85e3055c60d8a9db4a30c16173e108a95fa4afa126de30989119d545fdfa50e9239d88dc495421aedd6dbee874b7f124770eb20381f15b4d03ba32f8a9ce2
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/200495/cdc_200495_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 72.00 KB ]