Chemical Carcinogenesis

Details

• Personal Author:
  Harris CC ; Weston A
• Description:
  Chemical carcinogenesis is a multi-stage process that begins with exposure, usually to complex mixtures of chemicals that are found in the human environment (Table 12.1). 1-3 Once internationalized, carcinogens frequently are subjected to competing metabolic pathways of activation and detoxication, although some reactive environmental chemicals can act directly. Variations among individuals in the metabolism of carcinogens, together with differences in DNA-repair capacity and response to tumor promoters, govern the relative risk of an individual. 4 The initial genetic change that occurs as the result of chemical-DNA interaction is termed tumor inhibition. Thus, initiated cells are irreversibly altered and are at greater risk of malignant conversion that are normal cells. The epigenetic effects of tumor promoters facilitate the clonal expansion of the initiated cell. 5 This selective, clonal growth advantage results in the formation of a focus of preneoplastic cells. These cells are more vulnerable to progress toward tumorigenesis because they present a larger, more rapidly proliferating target population for the further action of chemical carcinogens, oncogenic viruses, and other cofactors. Additional genetic changes occur, and consequently, the accumulation of mutations, which may activate protooncogenes and inactivate tumor-suppressor genes, leads to malignant conversion, tumor progression, and metastasis. The underlying genetic mechanisms that regulate chemical carcinogenesis are becoming increasingly well understood, and the insights generated have assisted in the development of methodologies designed to assess human cancer risk and susceptibility factors. The results of these latter studies are further intended to mold strategies for cancer prevention. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Carcinogens Environment Environmental Exposure Genetics Lung Lung Diseases Neoplasms Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety Smoke Tobacco Products

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• Keywords:
  Bladder Cancer Cancer Carcinogenesis Carcinogenicity Environmental Factors Exposure Assessment Exposure Levels Genetic Factors Lung Cancer Occupational Exposure Risk Analysis Risk Factors Tobacco Smoke Tumorigenesis Tumorigens Tumors

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• ISBN:
  9781550091137
• Publisher:
  B.C. Decker
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Book
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  153-194
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20021091
• Citation:
  Cancer medicine, 5th edition. Bast RC, Kufe DW, Pollock RE, Weichselbaum RR, Holland JF, Frei E, eds. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada: B.C. Decker, 2000 Jun; :185-194
• Editor(s):
  Bast RC; Kufe DW; Pollock RE; Weichselbaum RR; Holland JF; Frei E
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2000
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  Cancer medicine, 5th edition
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:a04a9839bba6404a00bb7a773e9b9bc3a544ce9f43ab3a1dd390640d7ada1183bc43a5c5a500fe1e5a6e1c912225d024baa07f08ba7760f71ebd36e319043109
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/198646/cdc_198646_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 680.48 KB ]