Spectroscopic Techniques in Industrial Hygiene

Details

• Personal Author:
  Ashley, Kevin E. ; Lewis, Daniel M. ; Siegel, Paul D. ; Stettler, Lloyd E. ; Vo E ; Wallace WE ; Wang J
• Description:
  Over the past few decades the pace of change in spectroscopic techniques has been remarkable. Spectroscopic techniques are emerging as important, powerful, and versatile tools in determining exposure levels of hazards generated in working environments. Occupational safety and health studies employ spectroscopic techniques to analyze hazardous chemicals, biomarkers, and particulate matters of exposure. In comparison with many traditional detection techniques are much more sensitive, selective and accurate. The major spectroscopic techniques used in industrial hygiene include mass spectrometry (MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray microanalysis (XM), atomic spectrometry (AS), ultraviolet/visible (UV/VIS) photometry, fluorescent spectrometry (FS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy (RS). Interest in using MS in industrial hygiene is driven by its vaulue in understanding basic physical, chemical, and biological processes related to workers' exposure to occupational hazards, and in devising new methodologies to monitor exposures. SEM has become particularly useful in the study of pneumoconioses and workplace environmental particles since being complemented with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and automated image analysis capabilities. SEM and EDX have been used extensively to characterize particles found in lung tissues. Atomic spectrometric methods are used widely for occupational health evaluation of inorganic metals. The development of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICPAES) techniques has become increasingly attractive, and has been applicable to analysis of nearly all the elements. FTIR and Raman spectroscopies are employed to detect highly toxic gas and vapor mixtures. Additionally, field-portable methods for monitoring airborne workplace contaminants and toxins have received increasing attention. To date, highly specific, selective, and sensitive spectroscopic technologies have allowed for the development of novel methodologies and new indicators for exposure characterization. Assessment of actual body burden of chemicals, which are more directly related to potential adverse occupational health effects, can be accomplished. The major spectroscopic techniques and their applications to industrial hygiene are described in this article. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Biomarkers Environmental Exposure Lung Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Particulate Matter Radiography Respiratory System Safety Workplace
• Keywords:
  Exposure Levels Industrial Hygiene Lung Tissue Mass Spectrometry Monitoring Systems Occupational Hazards Occupational Health Occupational Health Programs Occupational Safety Programs Particulates Work Environment Workers X Ray Analysis

  More +
• ISBN:
  9780471976707
• Publisher:
  John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Book
• Place as Subject:
  Ohio ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 5 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division ; DBBS - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences ; DPSE - Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20021087
• Citation:
  Encyclopedia of analytical chemistry. Meyers RA, ed. Chichester, England: John Wiley and Sons Ltd., 2000 Jan; :4783-4824
• Editor(s):
  Meyers RA
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2000
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  Encyclopedia of analytical chemistry
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:f72fbcaca9ccc859eb25f58089fa57e44c80e78932bf7014c891f224e3ce4787af374bac9b00c0b9e213426332683e8c8b75972259f6089ce31462e09ef8a29b
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/198644/cdc_198644_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 7.44 MB ]