Alteration of Pulmonary Immune/Inflammatory Responses by Diesel Exhaust Particles (DEP)

Details

• Personal Author:
  Antonini JM ; Castranova, Vincent ; Ma JKH ; Ma JYC ; Siegel, Paul D. ; Weissman, David N. ; Yang HM
• Description:
  This research was carried out to characterize the alteration of pulmonary responses to bacterial infection by DEP and the effect of DEP on alveolar macrophage (AM) function using a rat model. In vitro studies showed that DEP activated AM to release reactive oxygen species, but had little or no effect on AM secretion of IL-1 and TNF-a. However, when AM were challenged with 0.1 ug/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS), DEP markedly inhibited the LPS-stimulated cytokine production. This inhibitory effect was attributed to the organic component of DEP. The in vitro results were confirmed in animal studies at several exposure doses (intratracheal, 5 and 35 mg/kg body weight) and exposure times (1, 3, and 7 days). Using Listeria monocytogenes as a bacterial model for cell-mediated immune studies, rats were exposed to DEP (5 mg/kg) or saline for 3 days and then intratracheally infected with 5000 L. monocytogenes. The results showed that pulmonary bacteria killing at 7 days post-Listeria exposure was significantly compromised in DEP-exposed rats but not in rats exposed to saline. Cellular measurements showed that DEP-exposure alone resulted in increased cell counts of AM and neutrophils at 3 and 5 days post-exposure. Listeria had no effect on cell counts, but the combined DEP and Listeria exposure resulted in a decrease in these phagocytes compared to the sum of their individual effects. In addition, AM showed increased production of nitric oxide in response to Listeria infection. In DEP-exposed rats, however, the Listeria-stimulated NO production by AM was abrogated at all time points. These results suggest that AM secretion of NO may play an important role in the host defense mechanism. By inhibiting AM function, DEP may increase the susceptibility of the lung to bacterial infection. Our preliminary studies also showed that DEP lowered IFN-y mRNA levels from cells isolated from pulmonary lymph nodes. The potential that DEP suppress cellular but enhance humoral immune responses through alteration of macrophage function is currently under investigation. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Animals Laboratories Lung Diseases Lymphatic System Occupational Health Respiratory Tract Diseases Safety Vehicle Emissions
• Keywords:
  Animal Studies Bacterial Infections Diesel Exhausts In Vitro Studies Laboratory Animals Lymph Nodes Models Phagocytes Pulmonary System Disorders
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary ; Proceedings
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  45
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20020993
• Citation:
  Proceedings of the First International Conference of the Society for Free Radical Research - Africa. Joint Conference with the Immunology Society of South Africa. Mpumalanga, Africa: The Society for Free Radical Research - Africa, 2000 Jul; :45
• CAS Registry Number:
  Nitric oxide (CAS RN 10102-43-9)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2000
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  Proceedings of the First International Conference of the Society for Free Radical Research Joint Conference with the Immunology Society of the Malelane Gate District, South Africa
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:cdcf8a150396ff8f833808b0d2e23f3d6747ecd529b9dcd3165a31e4746fd9f21582aa59471a21be7c3ef47b59852d02361626d13b91e5520e8fdca62976741f
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/198593/cdc_198593_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 209.34 KB ]