Biomonitoring for Occupational Exposures Using Immunoassays

Details

• Personal Author:
  Biagini, Raymond E. ; Hull, R. DeLon ; MacKenzie, Barbara A. ; Mastin JP ; Robertson SR ; Striley CA ; Wippel W
• Description:
  The detection and quantitation of pesticides by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared with classical analytical methods. ELISA was used to evaluate the body burdens of alachlor (15972608) or its metabolic products in urine collected from 20 pesticide applicators, seven haulers/mixers, and eight employees with limited exposure to pesticides. Alachlor was too small to be immunogenic itself, and was detected as an alachlor-mercapturate. ELISA and high pressure liquid chromatography gave statistically significantly different results and showed a positive bias by ELISA. The bias probably related to similarities in structure between human alachlor metabolic products excreted in urine and primary immunogen used to produce the polyclonal antibodies. In detecting circulating antibodies, the half life of the antibody could be longer than the half life for elimination of the parent compound. This gave a legacy or history of exposure rather than direct biomonitoring, which was subject to false negatives, but not false positives. Legacy biomonitoring was useful for evaluating engineering controls for reducing exposures. Within limitations, antibody levels were related to exposure levels. The authors conclude that legacy biomarkers may reflect exposure in the absence of detectable chemicals in urine or blood. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Energy Metabolism Environmental Exposure Epidemiology Immune System Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Safety
• Keywords:
  Biological-monitoring Environmental-exposure Humans Immunochemistry Immunodiagnosis Metabolites Occupational-exposure
• Publisher:
  American Chemical Society
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Proceedings
• Place as Subject:
  Nevada ; OSHA Region 10 ; OSHA Region 9 ; Washington
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  286-296
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:00238644
• Citation:
  Environmental Immunochemical Methods. Perspectives and Applications, ACS Symp Ser 646, Las Vegas, Nevada, August 2-3, 1995; :286-296
• CAS Registry Number:
  Alachlor (CAS RN 15972-60-8)
• Editor(s):
  Emon JM; Gerlach CL; Johnson JC
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1996
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  Perspectives and Applications, ACS Symposium Series 646, Las Vegas, Nevada, August 2-3, 1995
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:e3010e34a043fcb3973008a14cde453e632d684818a8330d253c303ce7be4b0c3e65ef51954c66a367c2829ef1353bc8ee4334d186a63382e0ea74186922bd95
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/197932/cdc_197932_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.09 MB ]