Urinary Bromide and Breathing Zone Concentrations of 1-Bromopropane from Workers Exposed to Flexible Foam Spray Adhesives

Details

• Personal Author:
  Curwin B ; Hanley, Kevin W. ; Petersen, Martin R. ; Sanderson, Wayne T.
• Description:
  1-Bromopropane (1-BP) has been marketed as an alternative for ozone depleting solvents and suspect carcinogens and is in aerosols, adhesives, and solvents used for metal, precision, and electronics cleaning. Toxicity of 1-BP is poorly understood, but it may be a neurologic, reproductive, and hematologic toxin. Sparse exposure information prompted NIOSH to conduct an exposure assessment using air sampling, exhaled breath, and urinary metabolites. Mercapturic acid conjugates are excreted in urine from 1-BP metabolism involving removal of bromide from the propyl group. One research objective is to evaluate the utility of urinary bromide analysis for assessing 1-BP exposure using a relatively inexpensive method commercially available. Complete 48-hour urine specimens were obtained from 30 workers on 2 consecutive days at facilities using 1-BP adhesives to construct polyurethane foam seat cushions and from 7 unexposed controls. All of the workers' urine was collected into composite samples representing 3 daily time intervals: at work, after work but before bedtime, and upon wake-up. After collection, urine aliquots were dispensed into acid-rinsed Nalgene bottles and analyzed for bromide (Br) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Full-shift breathing zone samples were collected for 1-BP on Anasorb-CMS sorbent tubes and analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection via NIOSH method 1025. Breathing zone concentrations of 1-BP ranged from 45-200 ppm for adhesive sprayers and from 0.8-60 ppm for other jobs. For sprayers, urinary Br concentrations ranged from 77-542 mg/g-creatinine (cr) at work, from 58-308 mg/g-cr after work, and from 43-672 mg/g-cr in wake-up samples. Overall, urinary Br concentrations for sprayers were substantially more than for the nonsprayers and controls, with geometric means of 166, 38, and 3.8 mg/g-cr, respectively. This study demonstrates that urinary elimination is an important excretion pathway for 1-BP metabolism and bromide may be a useful indicator of exposure. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Adhesives Aerosols Bromides Carcinogens Environmental Monitoring Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Safety Solvents Urine
• Keywords:
  Air-sampling Breathing-zone Gas-chromatography Occupational-exposure Sampling Urinalysis Workers
• Publisher:
  American Industrial Hygiene Association
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  Iowa ; Ohio ; OSHA Region 5 ; OSHA Region 7
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DSHEFS - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  89
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20024832
• Citation:
  American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition, May 8-13, 2004, Atlanta, Georgia. Fairfax, VA: American Industrial Hygiene Association, 2004 May; :89
• CAS Registry Number:
  1-Bromopropane (CAS RN 106-94-5)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2004
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition, May 8-13, 2004, Atlanta, Georgia
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:9f2ffc024d39c715083a3ed6bbf050e23197800ad76196630c7a071c29a96dee28ca22e47bf311a66e35c95ad8744707a399170c2f6f2e4d3cae2f2d72c7eb16
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/196448/cdc_196448_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.31 MB ]