Urinary Bromide and Breathing Zone Concentrations of 1-Bromopropane from Workers Exposed to Flexible Foam Spray Adhesives

Details

• Personal Author:
  Curwin, Brian D. ; Hanley, Kevin W. ; Petersen, Martin R. ; Sanderson, Wayne T.
• Description:
  1-Bromopropane (1-BP) has been marketed as an alternative for ozone depleting solvents and suspect carcinogens and is in aerosol products, adhesives and solvents used for metal, precision and electronics cleaning. Toxicity of 1-BP is poorly understood, but it may be a neurologic, reproductive and hematologic toxin. Sparse exposure information prompted this exposure assessment study using air sampling, and measurement of urinary metabolites. Mercapturic acid conjugates are excreted in urine from 1-BP metabolism involving removal of bromide (Br) from the propyl group. One research objective was to evaluate the utility of urinary Br analysis for assessing 1-BP exposure using a relatively inexpensive, commercially available method. Complete 48 h urine specimens were obtained from 30 workers on two consecutive days at two facilities using 1-BP adhesives to construct polyurethane foam seat cushions and from seven unexposed control subjects. All of the workers' urine was collected into composite samples representing three daily time intervals (at work; after work but before bedtime; and upon wakeup) and analyzed for Br ion by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Full-shift breathing zone samples were collected for 1-BP on Anasorb carbon molecular sieve sorbent tubes and analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection via NIOSH method 1025. Geometric mean (GM) breathing zone concentrations of 1-BP were 92 parts per million (p.p.m.) for adhesive sprayers and 11 p.p.m. for other jobs. For sprayers, urinary Br concentrations ranged from 77 to 542 milligrams per gram of creatinine mg (g-cr)-1 at work; from 58 to 308 mg (g-cr)-1 after work; and from 46 to 672 mg (g-cr)-1 in wake-up samples. Pre-week urinary Br concentrations for sprayers were substantially higher than for the non-sprayers and controls, with GMs of 102, 31 and 3.8 mg (g-cr)-1, respectively. An association of 48 h urinary Br concentration with 1-BP exposure was statistically significant (r2 = 0.89) for all jobs combined. This study demonstrates that urinary elimination is an important excretion pathway for 1-BP metabolism, and Br may be a useful biomarker of exposure. Description provided by NIOSH
• Subjects:
  • Adhesives
  • Aerosols
  • Bromides
  • Carcinogens
  • Environmental Monitoring
  • Interior Design and Furnishings
  • Occupational Exposure
  • Occupational Health
  • Safety
  • Solvents
  More +
• Keywords:
  • Urinalysis
  • Bromides
  • Breathing-zone
  • Occupational-exposure
  • Workers
  • Adhesives
  • Solvents
  • Carcinogens
  • Aerosols
  • Air-sampling
  More +
• ISSN:
  0003-4878
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Iowa ; Ohio ; OSHA Region 5 ; OSHA Region 7
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DSHEFS - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  50
• Issue:
  6
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20030952
• Citation:
  Ann Occup Hyg 2006 Aug; 50(6):599-607
• Contact Point Address:
  K. W. Hanley, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS-R14, Cincinnati, OH, 45226, USA
• Email:
  khanley@cdc.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  • 1-Bromopropane (CAS RN 106-94-5)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2006
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Annals of Occupational Hygiene
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/191379/cdc_191379_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 212.59 KB]
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:b95565a51b2faf55e19cb9970d167cced8a433491ce1d960b789a16c7c2652a0e0bcaa4ea534dee0190629a987fd0acbf6656fa4c710a1f7ac9ee2487b6bb2c6