Urinary Bromide and Breathing Zone Concentrations of 1-Bromopropane from Workers Exposed to Flexible Foam Spray Adhesives

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• Personal Author:
  Curwin, Brian D. ; Hanley, Kevin W. ; Petersen, Martin R. ; Sanderson, Wayne T.
• Description:
  1-Bromopropane (1-BP) has been marketed as an alternative for ozone depleting solvents and suspect carcinogens and is in aerosol products, adhesives and solvents used for metal, precision and electronics cleaning. Toxicity of 1-BP is poorly understood, but it may be a neurologic, reproductive and hematologic toxin. Sparse exposure information prompted this exposure assessment study using air sampling, and measurement of urinary metabolites. Mercapturic acid conjugates are excreted in urine from 1-BP metabolism involving removal of bromide (Br) from the propyl group. One research objective was to evaluate the utility of urinary Br analysis for assessing 1-BP exposure using a relatively inexpensive, commercially available method. Complete 48 h urine specimens were obtained from 30 workers on two consecutive days at two facilities using 1-BP adhesives to construct polyurethane foam seat cushions and from seven unexposed control subjects. All of the workers' urine was collected into composite samples representing three daily time intervals (at work; after work but before bedtime; and upon wakeup) and analyzed for Br ion by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Full-shift breathing zone samples were collected for 1-BP on Anasorb carbon molecular sieve sorbent tubes and analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection via NIOSH method 1025. Geometric mean (GM) breathing zone concentrations of 1-BP were 92 parts per million (p.p.m.) for adhesive sprayers and 11 p.p.m. for other jobs. For sprayers, urinary Br concentrations ranged from 77 to 542 milligrams per gram of creatinine [mg (g-cr)-1] at work; from 58 to 308 mg (g-cr)-1 after work; and from 46 to 672 mg (g-cr)-1 in wake-up samples. Pre-week urinary Br concentrations for sprayers were substantially higher than for the non-sprayers and controls, with GMs of 102, 31 and 3.8 mg (g-cr)-1, respectively. An association of 48 h urinary Br concentration with 1-BP exposure was statistically significant (r2 = 0.89) for all jobs combined. This study demonstrates that urinary elimination is an important excretion pathway for 1-BP metabolism, and Br may be a useful biomarker of exposure. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Adhesives Aerosols Bromides Carcinogens Environmental Monitoring Interior Design And Furnishings Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Safety Solvents Urine

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• Keywords:
  1-bromopropane Air-sampling Author Keywords: Bromine Breathing-zone Furniture-industry Furniture-manufacture Furniture-workers Furniture Cushions Gas-chromatography N-propyl Bromide Occupational-exposure Polyurethane Foam Adhesive Sampling Urinalysis Urine Workers

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• ISSN:
  0003-4878
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Iowa ; Ohio ; OSHA Region 5 ; OSHA Region 7
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DSHEFS - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  50
• Issue:
  6
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20030952
• Citation:
  Ann Occup Hyg 2006 Aug; 50(6):599-607
• Contact Point Address:
  K. W. Hanley, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS-R14, Cincinnati, OH, 45226, USA
• Email:
  khanley@cdc.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  1-Bromopropane (CAS RN 106-94-5)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2006
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Annals of Occupational Hygiene
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:b95565a51b2faf55e19cb9970d167cced8a433491ce1d960b789a16c7c2652a0e0bcaa4ea534dee0190629a987fd0acbf6656fa4c710a1f7ac9ee2487b6bb2c6
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/191379/cdc_191379_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 212.59 KB ]