Biological Monitoring for Selected Herbicide Biomarkers in the Urine of Exposed Custom Applicators: Application of Mixed-Effect Models

Details

• Personal Author:
  Biagini, Raymond E. ; Brown KK ; Deddens JA ; Hines CJ ; Hull, R. DeLon ; Mackenzie BA ; Shoemaker DA ; Striley CAF
• Description:
  Metabolites and/or parent compounds of the herbicides atrazine, alachlor, metolachlor, cyanazine and the 2-ethylhexyl ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were measured in the urine of 15 custom applicators who each provided from five to seven 24 h urine samples during a 6 week period (n = 87). Each applicator provided a pre-season urine sample and a reference population (n = 46) provided first-morning urine samples. Urinary biomarkers were measured by either immunoassay or gas chromatography. During the spraying season, the geometric mean amount of alachlor mercapturate equivalents (eq.), atrazine eq., 2,4-D and metolachlor mercapturate eq. excreted in 24 h was 17, 19, 110 and 22 nmol, respectively. Mixed-effect models were used to determine predictors of the amount of atrazine eq. and 2,4-D excreted in 24 h. The specific days of herbicide spraying associated with increased biomarker excretion varied for the two analytes, and included one or more days prior to urine collection. This confirms the importance of collecting covariate information on day(s) most relevant to the biomarker of interest. The within-worker variance component, expressed as a geometric standard deviation (WGSD range: 2.5-2.9), was substantially larger than the between-worker component (BGSD range: 1.3-1.5) for the modeled biomarkers. Alachlor mercapturate eq. and metolachlor mercapturate eq. were detected in more than half of the applicator pre-season urine samples. All biomarkers were detected infrequently in the reference population. Evaluation of non-spray exposure determinants was limited by inclusion of prior day spraying, adjustment for time and the small sample size. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Agriculture Environmental Exposure Herbicides Occupational Health Paint Safety Urine
• Keywords:
  2,4-D Agricultural-chemicals Agricultural-workers Alachlor Author Keywords: Atrazine Biological-effects Biological-monitoring Biological Monitoring Cyanazine Environmental-exposure Exposure-levels Gas-chromatography Immunoassays Metolachlor Mixed-effect Models Models Sampling Spraying-equipment Urinalysis Variance Components

  More +
• ISSN:
  0003-4878
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Ohio ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DART - Division of Applied Research and Technology ; DSHEFS - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  47
• Issue:
  6
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20023365
• Citation:
  Ann Occup Hyg 2003 Aug; 47(6):503-517
• Contact Point Address:
  Cynthia J. Hines, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DSHEFS, Mail Stop R-14, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH, 45226, USA
• Email:
  chines@cdc.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  (2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (CAS RN 94-75-7) ; Alachlor (CAS RN 15972-60-8) ; Atrazine (CAS RN 1912-24-9) ; Cyanazine (CAS RN 21725-46-2) ; Metolachlor (CAS RN 51218-45-2)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2003
• NORA Priority Area:
  Research Tools and Approaches: Exposure Assessment Methods
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Annals of Occupational Hygiene
• End Date:
  20040930
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:5e39a020b23ba8503cc122c44e84dab26879eab7d18bc584ead8ec870d1e5748d37b7b186eccbc430041a7d40ffe65c4e1c07481742852fd4c833651aca15bf4
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/195842/cdc_195842_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 184.37 KB ]