Using urinary biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic compound exposure to guide exposure-reduction strategies among asphalt paving workers

Details

• Personal Author:
  Cavallari JM ; Herrick, Robert F. ; Kriech AJ ; Li Z ; McClean MD ; Olsen, Larry D. ; Osborn LV ; Sammons DL ; Sjödin, Andreas ; Smith JP ; Snawder, John E.
• Description:
  Introduction: Paving workers are exposed to polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) while working with hot-mix asphalt (HMA). Further characterization of the source and route of these exposures is necessary to guide exposure-reduction strategies. Methods: Personal air (n = 144), hand-wash (n = 144), and urine (n = 480) samples were collected from 12 paving workers over 3 workdays during 4 workweeks. Urine samples were collected at preshift, postshift, and bedtime and analyzed for 10 hydroxylated PACs (1-OH-pyrene; 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-OH-phenanthrene; 1-, 2-OH-naphthalene; 2-, 3-, 9-OH-fluorene) by an immunochemical quantification of PACs (I-PACs). The air and hand-wash samples were analyzed for the parent compounds corresponding to the urinary analytes. Using a crossover study design, each of the 4 weeks represented a different exposure scenario: a baseline week (normal conditions), a dermal protection week (protective clothing), a powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) week, and a biodiesel substitution week (100% biodiesel provided to replace the diesel oil normally used by workers to clean tools and equipment). The urinary analytes were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Results: Postshift and bedtime concentrations were significantly higher than preshift concentrations for most urinary biomarkers. Compared with baseline, urinary analytes were reduced during the dermal protection (29% for 1-OH-pyrene, 15% for I-PACs), the PAPR (24% for 1-OH-pyrene, 15% for I-PACs), and the biodiesel substitution (15% for 1-OH-pyrene) weeks. The effect of PACs in air was different by exposure scenario (biodiesel substitution > dermal protection > PAPR and baseline) and was still a significant predictor of most urinary analytes during the week of PAPR use, suggesting that PACs in air were dermally absorbed. The application temperature of HMA was positively associated with urinary measures, such that an increase from the lowest application temperature (121 degreesC) to the highest (154 degrees C) was associated with a 72% increase in XXOH-fluorene and 1-OH-pyrene and an 82% increase in XXOH-phenanthrene. Though PACs in hand-wash samples were not predictors of urinary analytes, the effects observed during the PAPR scenario and the week of increased dermal protection provide evidence of dermal absorption. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Biomarkers Environmental Exposure Environmental Monitoring Environmental Pollution Hydrocarbons Naphthalenes Occupational Health Personal Protective Equipment Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Protective Clothing Respiratory Protective Devices Respiratory System Safety Skin Skin Absorption Urine Workplace

  More +
• Keywords:
  Air-samples Analytical-processes Asphalt-fumes Asphalt-industry Author Keywords: Asphalt Biodiesel Dermal Environmental-exposure Environmental-hazards Exposure-levels Fluorenes Phenanthrenes Polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds Protective-clothing Pyrines Respirators Respiratory-equipment Skin-absorption Urinalysis Work-environment Workers

  More +
• ISSN:
  0003-4878
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Georgia ; Indiana ; Massachusetts ; Ohio ; OSHA Region 1 ; OSHA Region 4 ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DART - Division of Applied Research and Technology
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  56
• Issue:
  9
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20041835
• Citation:
  Ann Occup Hyg 2012 Nov; 56(9):1013-1024
• Contact Point Address:
  Michael D. Mcclean, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Pkwy C-26, Cincinnati, OH 45226
• Email:
  mmcclean@bu.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Fluorene (CAS RN 86-73-7) ; Naphthalene (CAS RN 91-20-3) ; Phenanthrene (CAS RN 85-01-8) ; Pyrene (CAS RN 129-00-0)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2013
• NORA Priority Area:
  Construction ; Transportation, Warehousing and Utilities
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Annals of Occupational Hygiene
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:c9821d55c1131f7b0ee82f8e445a71052d6ec008ae9e825f3dc03db3236d494de8ae7e778f0e9aea5378cda7be20d7a2c705ba82186cd8f579f08ec9fb9bc6f0
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/194284/cdc_194284_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 231.93 KB ]