Regional brain dosimetry for the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos in the preweanling rat

Details

• Personal Author:
  Poet TS ; Smith JN ; Timchalk C
• Description:
  Infants and children may be sensitive to adverse effects of pesticide exposure associated with ingestion of residues on food. Organophosphorus (OP) insecticides, like chlorpyrifos (CPF), have been implicated as developmental neurotoxins; however, aspects of dose-response relationships are poorly understood particularly with regards to critical window(s) of vulnerability and target tissue (i.e. brain) dosimetry. Ongoing research is focused on evaluation of in vivo/in vitro brain chlorpyrifos dosimetry in the preweanling rat pup and for comparison in adult male rats. At post-natal day-10 (PND-10), both male and female pups were orally administered CPF at 1 or 5 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days and humanely sacrificed 4 hours after the last dose, adult male rats were likewise orally dosed at 5 mg CPF/kg/day (5 doses). Whole brains and brain regions (forebrain, midbrain and cerebellum) were analyzed for CPF and its major metabolite trichloropyridinol (TCP), its major metabolite. In addition, brain region acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was determined in PND-15 pups. In vitro metabolism studies were conducted with hepatic and brain microsomes and whole brain homogenates prepared from naïve adult male rats. A comparison of whole brain dosimetry (5 mg CPF/kg/day) suggests that the concentration of CPF and TCP in the brain of preweanling rats is comparable to adults following oral exposure. In both male and female PND-15 pups, regional brain CPF concentration tended to be forebrain > midbrain > cerebellum; whereas, the concentration of TCP was fairly comparable across gender and brain regions. In vitro brain metabolism studies support both the bioactivation of CPF to the neurotoxic metabolite CPF-oxon and detoxification of CPF to TCP. The importance of localized brain metabolism is highly relevant for lipophilic pesticides that potentially sequester in the brain where localized brain disposition and metabolism may be critically important for understanding target tissue dosimetry. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Energy Metabolism Insecticides Laboratories Nervous System Nervous System Diseases Occupational Health Organophosphates Radiation Dosimeters Safety
• Keywords:
  Acetylcholinesterase Bioactivation Brain-damage Brain-matter Children Detoxification Developmental-disorders Dose-response Dosimetry Food Foodstuff In-vitro-study In-vivo-study Laboratory-animals Laboratory-testing Liver-microsomal-metabolism Liver-tissue Metabolic-study Metabolism Metabolites Microsomal-enzymes Neurotoxic-effects Neurotoxins Organo-phosphorus-compounds Organo-phosphorus-pesticides Pesticides Tissue-culture

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• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  California ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 9 ; Pennsylvania
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  126
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20040667
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 2012 Mar; 126(Suppl 1):554
• CAS Registry Number:
  Chlorpyrifos (CAS RN 2921-88-2)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2012
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Performing Organization:
  University of Pittsburgh at Pittsburgh
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 51st Annual Meeting and ToxExpo, March 11-15, 2012, San Francisco, California
• Supplement:
  1
• End Date:
  20160630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:9523828eaacb38fe36902aa92d14a885b4341fc51b149ee789246268c2e06a232ca7315bdab10cb22ac2d2dc51764cfc6ca5a9b02dad30c5a355485d454e0752
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/193456/cdc_193456_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 466.97 KB ]