Evaluation of the hypersensitivity potential of alternative butter flavorings: are they safe substitutes for diacetyl

Details

• Personal Author:
  Anderson S ; Franko J ; Lukomska E ; Meade BJ
• Description:
  Concern has been raised over the potential association of diacetyl, a chemical used in the production of butter flavorings, with lung disease clinically resembling broncholitis obliterans in food manufacturing workers. This has resulted in the need for identification of alternative chemicals to be used in the manufacturing process. We have previously shown diacetyl to be a dermal irritant and sensitizer (EC3 1.9) when tested in a combined murine local lymph node assay (LLNA). Structurally similar chemicals, 2,3-pentanedione 2,3-hexanedione 3,4-hexanedione and 2,3- heptanedione, used as constituents of synthetic flavoring agents have been suggested as potential alternatives for diacetyl. Immunotoxicity data on these chemicals are limited. The present study evaluated the dermal irritation and sensitization potential of diacetyl alternatives using a murine model. None of the chemicals were identified as dermal irritants when tested at concentrations up to 50%. Similar to diacetyl, concentration-dependent increases in lymphocyte proliferation were observed following exposure to all four chemicals, with calculated EC3 values of 15.4% (2,3-pentanedione), 18.2% (2,3-hexanedione), 15.5% (3,4-hexanedione) and 14.1% (2,3-heptanedione). No biologically significant elevations in total serum IgE were identified, however significant elevations in local IgE (IgE+B220+ lymphocytes), IL-4, and INF-gamma production by stimulated draining lymphocytes were observed after exposure to 25-50% concentrations of these chemicals. These results demonstrate the potential for development of hypersensitivity responses to these proposed alternatives and raise concern about their use as a replacement for diacetyl as flavoring agents. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Chemistry Cytotoxins Hazardous Substances Hypersensitivity Immune System Irritants Lung Lung Diseases Microbiology Occupational Health Respiratory Hypersensitivity Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Safety Skin Toxicology Workplace

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• Keywords:
  Biological-effects Cell-biology Cell-function Cellular-reactions Chemical-analysis Chemical-composition Chemical-hypersensitivity Chemical-properties Chemical-reactions Cytotoxic-effects Immune-reaction Immunochemistry Immunotoxins Lung-cells Lung-disease Lung-disorders Lung-irritants Lymphatic-system Microscopic-analysis Molecular-biology Physiological-effects Pulmonary-disorders Pulmonary-system Pulmonary-system-disorders Quantitative-analysis Respiratory-hypersensitivity Respiratory-irritants Respiratory-system-disorders Skin-exposure Skin-irritants Statistical-analysis Toxic-effects Toxic-materials Work-environment Workplace-studies

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• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  District of Columbia ; OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  120
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20038614
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 2011 Mar; 120(Suppl 2):520
• CAS Registry Number:
  2,3-Hexanedione (CAS RN 3848-24-6) ; 2,3-Pentanedione (CAS RN 600-14-6) ; Butanedione (CAS RN 431-03-8)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2011
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 50th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo, March 6-10, 2011, Washington, DC
• Supplement:
  2
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:130c18a1bd4db4057605a352b2531dac32f91468bc278015174cfa4612b2e02f30e404e2c1469110e2d8c826ac9ccb51efe0e144933b9f27b120249c3128a503
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/192264/cdc_192264_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.09 MB ]