Impact of Coexposure to Ozone on the Carcinogenic Potential of Inhaled Chromium. 1. Effects on Retention and on Extra- and Intracellular Distribution

Details

• Personal Author:
  Baker K ; Bowser D ; Chen LC ; Cohen MD ; Schlesinger RB ; Sisco M
• Description:
  A health hazard to welders is development of lung cancer. It is believed that this is likely due, in part, to the presence in welding fumes of several hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) species, whose solubility depends primarily on which process (i.e., manual metal arc verus metal-inert gas) is used. However, inhalation of Cr alone is uncommon in this setting. Thus, an examination of potential contributions from other coinhalants in creating or enhancing conditions whereby inhaled fume-associated Cr (primarily the insoluble forms) may initiate cancer is critical to increasing our understanding and preventing this particular occupational disease. One major chemical species formed and released during welding is ozone (O3). Though implications of adverse pulmonary effects from individual exposure to Cr or O3 have been investigated, those from simultaneous exposure are unclear. To begin to address whether the carcinogenic potential of insoluble Cr[VI] agents might be enhanced in hosts inhaling mixtures of Cr and O3 versus Cr alone, analyses of total lung Cr burden, Cr retention in lung epithelium and interstitium, and potential shifts in lung cell distribution of Cr from the cytoplasm to nuclei were undertaken in F-344 rats exposed nose-only (5 h/d, 5 d/wk for up to 48 wk) to an extrapolated occupationally relevant level of Cr (360 micrograms Cr/m3 as calcium chromate) alone and in combination with 0.3 ppm O3. Overall, there was only a nominal effect from O3 on Cr retention or on distribution of Cr particles among extracellular sites and within lung cells. However, there were O3-related effects upon mechanisms for clearing the Cr from the deep lung, specifically at the levels of particle uptake and postphagocytic/endocytic processing by macrophages. This O3 exposure-related shift in normal pulmonary clearance might potentially increase the health risk in workers exposed to other insoluble or poorly soluble carcinogenic Cr compounds. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollutants, Occupational Carcinogens Chromium Hazardous Substances Lung Lung Diseases Neoplasms Occupational Diseases Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Safety Welding

  More +
• Keywords:
  Cancer Carcinogenesis Carcinogenicity Chromium-compounds Fumes Fumigants Health-hazards Lung-burden Lung-cancer Occupational-diseases Occupational-exposure Occupational-hazards Occupational-health Pulmonary-system-disorders Respiratory-system-disorders Welders Welders-lung Welding-industry

  More +
• ISSN:
  1528-7394
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  New York ; OSHA Region 2
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  39-55
• Volume:
  66
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20029157
• Citation:
  J Toxicol Environ Health A 2003 Jan; 66(1):39-55
• Contact Point Address:
  Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
• Email:
  cohenm@env.med.nyu.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Chromium (CAS RN 7440-47-3)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2003
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:5ec0026bdc789f34d7ab486824174f6ee7515f043fafd7cfbe69b0558d0ff8aab82f50f2375e954a7f858501bab5dfce7e36a628a8f94e35a688599884a1d87d
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/190209/cdc_190209_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 702.56 KB ]