The Structure of Silica Surfaces in Relation to Cytotoxicity

Details

• Personal Author:
  Bolsaitis PP ; Wallace WE
• Description:
  Many or most chemical processes and physical interactions involving solid materials occur at their surface. A reduction of particle size, and the resulting increase in surface area per unit weight of material, generally increases the reactivity of solid materials. Hence the structure and composition of any material at its surface, more than its bulk composition, determine many of its chemical and physical properties. Unfortunately most analytical techniques used for the chemical characterization of materials tend to sample the bulk of the material, or a layer much deeper than the surface layer active in interactions with the environment. For ultrapure materials the issue may be of little consequence, but most materials found in nature are not pure, and impurities contained in the bulk tend to segregate to the surface by virtue of thermodynamic equilibrium effects. Also, by interaction with its environment, any solid material will tend to adsorb impurity atoms or molecules at its surface. Consequently, surface characteristics play a dominant part in defining properties of ultrafine particles (respirable dusts and aerosols). This review focuses in particular on those properties that define the biological activity and toxicity of respirable-size, silica-based particles. Since silica and its derivatives can be produced in a greater variety of forms and structures than most other chemical materials, numerous applications of silica exist, especially for the high-specific surface area, amorphous variety, where surface chemistry plays a dominant role. Silica-based materials include adsorbants and dessicants, catalysts, fillers, lubricants, thickening agents, paints, and other widely used materials. In Chapter 6 of his treatise on the chemical properties of silica, lIer presents a comprehensive review (with more than 500 references) of the wealth of data available on the structure and properties of silica and silica surfaces. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollutants, Occupational Aluminum Silicates Cytotoxins Dust Environmental Monitoring Irritants Lung Occupational Health Particulate Matter Quartz Respiratory System Safety Silicon Compounds Silicon Dioxide Surface-Active Agents

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• Keywords:
  Adsorbents Airborne-dusts Airborne-particles Cytotoxic-effects Dust-exposure Dust-particles Exposure-assessment Fibrous-dusts Lung-irritants Nanotechnology Particulate-dust Quartz-dust Respiratory-irritants Silica-dusts Silicates Silicon-compounds Silicosis Surfactants

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• ISBN:
  9780849347092
• Publisher:
  CRC Press
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Book
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DRDS - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  79-89
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20034308
• Citation:
  Silica and silica-induced lung diseases. Castranova V, Vallyathan V, Wallace WE, eds. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1995 Dec; :79-89
• CAS Registry Number:
  Quartz (SiO2) (CAS RN 14808-60-7)
• Editor(s):
  Castranova V; Vallyathan V; Wallace WE
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1996
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  Silica and silica-induced lung diseases
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:952836ee4ec83fa7f1a6e4705ef42e3050a859f1200a84150f3f73b6ca9179697d22de2a81a43c5920d0355986702c826061b89144a2879402dda6e6aea57c0d
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/189559/cdc_189559_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.61 MB ]