Quantitative Monitoring of Dermal and Inhalation Exposure to 1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate Monomer and Oligomers

Details

• Personal Author:
  Ball LM ; Fent, Kenneth W. ; Jayaraj K ; Nylander-French LA ; Ball LM ; Fent, Kenneth W. ; Jayaraj K ; Nylander-French LA
• Description:
  Respiratory sensitization and occupational asthma are associated with exposure to 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) in both monomeric and oligomeric forms. The monomer and polymers of diisocyanates differ significantly in their rates of absorption into tissue and their toxicity, and hence may differ in their contribution to sensitization. We have developed and evaluated a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method capable of quantifying HDI and its oligomers (uretidone, biuret, and isocyanurate) in air, tape-stripped skin, and paint samples collected in the automotive refinishing industry. To generate analytical standards, urea derivatives of HDI, biuret, and isocyanurate were synthesized by reaction with 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine and purified. The urea derivatives were shown to degrade on average by less than 2% per week at -20 degrees C over a 2 month period in occupational samples. The average recovery of HDI and its oligomers from tape was 100% and the limits of detection were 2 and 8 fmol microl(-1), respectively. Exposure assessments were performed on 13 automotive spray painters to evaluate the LC-MS method and the sampling methods under field conditions. Isocyanurate was the most abundant component measured in paint tasks, with median air and skin concentrations of 2.4 mg m(-3) and 4.6 microg mm(-3), respectively. Log-transformed concentrations of HDI (r = 0.79, p < 0.0001) and of isocyanurate (r = 0.71, p < 0.0001) in the skin of workers were correlated with the log-transformed product of air concentration and painting time. The other polyisocyanates were detected on skin for less than 25% of the paint tasks. This LC-MS method provides a valuable tool to investigate inhalation and dermal exposures to specific polyisocyanates and to explore relative differences in the exposure pathways. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Coal Coal Mining Engineering Geology Mining Occupational Health Safety
• Keywords:
  Aerosol-particles Aerosols Air-flow Automotive-industry Cyanates Environmental-health-monitoring Exposure-assessment Exposure-levels Isocyanates Mathematical-models Models Occupational-exposure Paint-spraying Painting Paints Skin-absorption Skin-exposure Skin-irritants Spray-painting Time-weighted-average-exposure Work-areas Work-environment Work-intervals Worker-health Workplace-studies

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• ISSN:
  1464-0325
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article ; Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  North Carolina ; OSHA Region 4
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health ; Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America ; North America
• Volume:
  10
• Issue:
  4
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20034228
• Citation:
  J Environ Monit 2008 Apr; 10(4):500-507
• Contact Point Address:
  Leena A. Nylander-French, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Rosenau Hall CB #7431, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7431
• Email:
  leena_french@unc.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Biuret (CAS RN 108-19-0) ; Hexamethylene diisocyanate (CAS RN 822-06-0) ; Biuret (CAS RN 108-19-0) ; Hexamethylene diisocyanate (CAS RN 822-06-0)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2008
• Performing Organization:
  University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20030801
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Environmental Monitoring
• End Date:
  20070731
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:e1a59ca0ea948fa2aa0db01c22882012a25b9d5dde58053d90fa61bac1217efb7cf9db1962104cde8326d56a8e27a2ddde5b97b1c186ef05f959b3625f4dff1c
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/189529/cdc_189529_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 316.88 KB ]