Does Sandblasted Metal Attenuate or Enhance the Toxicity of Freshly Fractured Silica

Details

• Personal Author:
  Barger M ; Castranova, Vincent ; Chen F ; Leonard, Stephen S. ; Pacurari M ; Robinson V ; Vallyathan V
• Description:
  Trace metals are reported to play important roles in catalyzing the formation of highly reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are implicated in enhanced disease development. Whether trace metals from a concrete cutting saw increase the toxicity of silica is unclear. In this study, pure metal plates of aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), tin (Sn), and tungsten (W), all used in making saw blades, as well as a saw blade itself were blasted with silica using an automated sandblasting apparatus. The blasting produced an aerosol of silica dust containing measurable amounts of blasted metals. Aerosolized samples were analyzed and evaluated for in vivo acute toxicity, DNA damage, activation of AP-1 and NF-kappaB, and potential to generate ROS. The results show that inflammatory response and pulmonary toxicity 3 days post-exposure associated with silica blasted on Sn, Ni, Saw, Cu and W being greater than silica alone. In contrast assimilation of metals, such as Cr, and Al, significantly decreased the toxicity of silica. The potential to generate ROS using a non-cellular system did not correlate with the degree of toxicity. For example, saw blade blasted with silica caused a high level of toxicity but a relatively low level of ROS generation. This is likely because metals, such as Ni, Co, and Cr, can produce greater levels of ROS in a biological milieu with reductants than in a noncellular system. Sn, saw blade, Cu and Co blasted with silica caused significantly greater levels of DNA damage compared to silica alone. The potential for DNA damage did not follow that for ROS production. Saw blade blasted with silica also caused significantly greater levels of activation of two important transcription factors, AP-1 and NF-kappaB, involved in disease development. These data suggest a potential increased risk associated with silica dust generated using concrete cutting saw. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Aerosols Air Pollutants, Occupational Aluminum Silicates Animals Dust Hazardous Substances Irritants Laboratories Lung Lung Diseases Metals Metal Workers Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Poisoning Respiratory Hypersensitivity Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Safety Silicon Dioxide Toxicology

  More +
• Keywords:
  Aerosol-particles Animal-studies Breathing Breathing-zone Dust-particles Dusts Laboratory-animals Lung-burden Lung-disorders Lung-irritants Metal-compounds Metal-dusts Metal-fumes Metal-industry Metal-oxides Metal-poisoning Metal-workers Metallic-compounds Metallic-dusts Metallic-fumes Metallic-poisons Occupational-exposure Pulmonary-disorders Pulmonary-system Pulmonary-system-disorders Respiratory-hypersensitivity Respiratory-irritants Respiratory-system-disorders Sand-blasters Sand-blasting Silica-dusts Silicates Toxic-effects Toxic-vapors Toxicopathology Toxins

  More +
• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 10 ; OSHA Region 3 ; Washington ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  61
• Volume:
  102
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20033545
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 2008 Mar; 102(1):61
• CAS Registry Number:
  Aluminum (CAS RN 7429-90-5) ; Chromium (CAS RN 7440-47-3) ; Cobalt (CAS RN 7440-48-4) ; Copper (CAS RN 7440-50-8) ; Iron (CAS RN 7439-89-6) ; Nickel (CAS RN 7440-02-0) ; Silica (CAS RN 7631-86-9) ; Tin (CAS RN 7440-31-5) ; Tungsten (CAS RN 7440-33-7)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2008
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 47th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo, March 16-20, 2008, Seattle, Washington
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:f88897f97aa798f165f7577d1d5cc6b20450dc554d8ec4831c63ed195c4088ffd46f4707d6edef84e697c05183c71671200a7860988acb354c11ef490254dfa7
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/189079/cdc_189079_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 7.88 MB ]