Pesticides

Details

• Personal Author:
  Albertson TE ; Offerman SR ; Schenker MB
• Description:
  Pesticides are biocidal agents used to control a wide vari­ety of organisms that pose a threat to health or compete for food or other materials (Table 74.1). Selective toxicity for the target pest is the principle of pesticide use, but because organisms are similar at the cellular or subcellular level, adverse human health effects may occur. The earliest pesticides included metals such as arsenic, mercury, and lead. Some pesticides are inorganic chemicals, such as sulfur, and others are organic chemicals, such as the alkaloid nicotine derived from plants. After the discovery of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in 1939, the world witnessed an unprecedented increase in the search for and production of synthetic organic pesticides. Production of inorganic pesticides such as arsenicals has steadily declined since the 1940s. The prolonged ecologic half-life and lack of species selectivity of DDT and other organochlorine pesticides was recognized in the 1960s. These pesticide characteris­tics and concern about the effects of accumulation of organochlorines in human adipose tissue caused the banning or severe restriction of most of these agents in the United States and most of the world. In their place, newer synthetic pesticides, predominantly organophosphorus, carbamate, and pyrethrin compounds, have been developed and are now widely used. These agents cause less environmental damage through accumulation but are often more acutely toxic to humans and other animal species. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Animals Arsenic Biological Factors Biological Products Chemical Warfare Agents Chemistry Chlorine Compounds Environment Environmental Exposure Environmental Health Environmental Monitoring Environmental Pollution Hazardous Substances Hypersensitivity Inorganic Chemicals Insecticides Lead Lead Poisoning Mercury Occupational Health Poisoning Safety Stress, Psychological

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• Keywords:
  Animal-studies Arsenic-compounds Arsenic-herbicides Arsenic-poisoning Arsenites Biological-agents Biological-effects Biological-factors Chemical-agent-detectors Chemical-analysis Chemical-hypersensitivity Chemical-indicators Chemical-properties Chemical-reactions Chemical-structure Chemical-synthesis Chemical-warfare-agents Control-systems Control-technology Controlled-atmospheres Controlled-environment Environmental-exposure Environmental-factors Environmental-hazards Environmental-health Environmental-health-monitoring Environmental-pollution Environmental-protection Environmental-stress Health-hazards Health-protection Health-standards Lead-absorption Lead-compounds Lead-poisoning Mercury-compounds Mercury-poisoning Mercury-vapors Organo-chlorine-compounds Pesticides Pesticides-and-agricultural-chemicals Pests

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• ISBN:
  9780781762991
• Publisher:
  Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Cooperative Agreement
• Genre:
  Book
• Place as Subject:
  California ; OSHA Region 9
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20033366
• Citation:
  Environmental and occupational medicine, 4th edition. Rom WN, Markowitz SB, eds. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006 Dec; :1158-1180
• CAS Registry Number:
  DDT (CAS RN 50-29-3)
• Editor(s):
  Rom WN; Markowitz SB
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2007
• Performing Organization:
  University of California - Davis
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Start Date:
  20010930
• Source Full Name:
  Environmental and occupational medicine, 4th edition
• End Date:
  20270929
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:7cba47c8622ad2231793beb8887e97d6ca2b1ce2d87b0f5bc3bedfeb148f5a0324865cc85bb34684770bd66483f77aaa6f4a6878c2e5054ba3fa75c149347cc8
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/188980/cdc_188980_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 5.92 MB ]