Chlorpyrifos Exposure in Farm Families: Results from the Farm Family Exposure Study

Details

• Personal Author:
  Acquavella JF ; Alexander BH ; Baker BA ; Bartels MJ ; Burns CJ ; Gustin C ; Mandel JS
• Description:
  We used urinary biological monitoring to characterize chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl) phosphororthioate) exposure to farm family members from Minnesota and South Carolina who participated in the Farm Family Exposure Study. Five consecutive 24-h urine samples were obtained from 34 families of licensed pesticide applicators 1 day before through 3 days after a chlorpyrifos application. Daily 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) urinary concentrations characterized exposure profiles of the applicator, the spouse, and children aged 4-17 years. Self-reported and observed determinants of exposure were compared to the maximum postapplication TCP concentration. All participants had detectable (1 g/l) urinary TCP concentrations at baseline. Applicators' peak TCP levels occurred the day after the application (geometric mean (GM)=19.0 g/l). Postapplication TCP change from baseline in the spouses and children was negligible, and the only reliable predictor of exposure was assisting with the application for children aged 12 years and older. The applicators' exposure was primarily influenced by the chemical formulation (GM=11.3 g/l for granular and 30.9 g/l for liquid), and the number of loads applied. Repairing equipment, observed skin contact, and eating during the application were moderately associated TCP levels for those who applied liquid formulations. Estimated absorbed doses (g chlorpyrifos/kg bodyweight) were calculated based on TCP excretion summed over the 4 postapplication days and corrected for pharmacokinetic recovery. The GM doses were 2.1, 0.7, and 1.0 g/kg bodyweight for applicators, spouses, and children, respectively. Chlorpyrifos exposure to farm family members from the observed application was largely determined by the extent of contact with the mixing, loading, and application process. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Age Factors Aging Agriculture Biochemistry Chemistry Environmental Monitoring Epidemiology Family Farmers Hazardous Substances Hypersensitivity Insecticides Nervous System Nervous System Diseases Occupational Health Pathology Safety Surveys And Questionnaires

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• Keywords:
  Age-factors Age-groups Agricultural-chemicals Agricultural-industry Agricultural-machinery Agricultural-processes Author Keywords: Biomonitoring Biochemical-analysis Biohazards Biological-effects Biological-function Biological-systems Chemical-hypersensitivity Chemical-reactions Children Chlorpyrifos Dose-response Epidemiologic Studies Exposure-assessment Exposure-levels Exposure-methods Families Mathematical-models Nervous-system-disorders Neurological-reactions Pesticide Exposure Pesticides-and-agricultural-chemicals Quantitative-analysis Questionnaires Statistical-analysis Toxic-effects Weight-factors Weight-measurement Work-environment Work-performance Work-practices

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• ISSN:
  1559-0631
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Georgia ; Michigan ; Minnesota ; Missouri ; OSHA Region 4 ; OSHA Region 5 ; OSHA Region 7 ; South Carolina
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  447-456
• Volume:
  16
• Issue:
  5
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20037498
• Citation:
  J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2006 Sep; 16(5):447-456
• Contact Point Address:
  Dr. B.H. Alexander, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, MMC 807 Mayo Building, 420 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
• Email:
  balex@umn.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Chlorpyrifos (CAS RN 2921-88-2)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2006
• Performing Organization:
  University of Minnesota Twin Cities
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology
• End Date:
  20250630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:7785c333be0684e9399c7542a9e90036eb12c1fe27fef4d23865328a63b4ad7ef49ab014765c12f549744986523f378d66b136080dddb7e3a80cb776208e60f9
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/188587/cdc_188587_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 193.19 KB ]