Relationships Between Personal, Indoor, and Outdoor Exposures to Trace Elements in PM2.5

Details

• Personal Author:
  Adgate JL ; Field MP ; Mongin, Steven J. ; Pratt GC ; Ramachandran G ; Sexton K ; Zhang J
• Description:
  Twenty-four hour average fine particle concentrations of 23 trace elements (TEs) were measured concurrently in (a) ambient air in three urban neighborhoods (Battle Creek-BCK; East St. Paul-ESP; and Phillips-PHI), (b) air inside residences of participants, and (c) personal air near the breathing zone of healthy, non-smoking adults. The outdoor (O), indoor (I), and personal (P) samples were collected in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area over three seasons (Spring, Summer, Fall) using either the federal reference (O) or inertial impactor (I,P) inlets to collect PM2.5. In addition to descriptive statistics, a hierarchical, mixed-effects statistical model was used to estimate the mutually adjusted effects of monitor location, community, and season on mean differences between monitoring locations while accounting for within-subject and within-monitoring period correlation. The relationships among P, I, and O concentrations varied across TEs. The O concentrations were usually higher than P or I for elements like Ca and Al that originate mainly from entrained crustal material, while P concentrations were often highest for other elements with non-crustal sources. Unadjusted mixed model results demonstrated that O monitors more frequently underestimated than overestimated P TE exposures for elements associated with non-crustal sources. This finding was true even though the O TE measurements were taken in the same neighborhoods as the P and I measurements. Further adjustment for community or season effects in the mixed models reduced the number of significant O-P and O-I differences compared to unadjusted models, but still indicated a tendency for underestimation of personal and indoor TE exposures by central site monitors, particularly in the PHI community. These results indicate that community and season are important covariates for developing long term TE exposure estimates, and that personal exposure to trace elements in PM2.5 is likely to be underestimated by outdoor central site monitors. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Aerosols Air Pollutants, Occupational Air Pollution, Indoor Bacteria Bacterial Infections Demography Dust Engineering Environmental Exposure Environmental Health Environmental Monitoring Environmental Pollution Immune System Inhalation Exposure Metals Occupational Health Particulate Matter Personal Protective Equipment Public Health Respiratory System Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety Safety Management Water Purification Workplace

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• Keywords:
  Aerosol-particles Air-contamination Airborne-particles Author Keywords: Fine Particulate Matter Bacterial-disease Bacterial-dusts Bacterial-infections Biological-effects Cell-biology Demographic-characteristics Engineering-controls Environmental-exposure Environmental-factors Environmental-hazards Environmental-health Exposure-assessment Exposure-levels Exposure-methods Exposure Assessment Immune-reaction Immune-system Inhalants Inhalation-studies Personal-protection Physiological-effects Physiological-factors Physiological-response Pollution Protective-equipment Protective-measures Public-health Quantitative-analysis Risk-analysis Risk-factors Safety-measures Safety-practices Statistical-analysis Surface-properties Trace Metals Water-analysis Work-environment Work-practices Workplace-studies

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• ISSN:
  1388-0764
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Minnesota ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  21-32
• Volume:
  386
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20037366
• Citation:
  J Nanopart Res 2007 Nov; 386(1-3):21-32
• Contact Point Address:
  John L. Adgate, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 807, Minneapolis MN 55455
• Email:
  jadgate@umn.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2008
• Performing Organization:
  University of Minnesota Twin Cities
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Nanoparticle Research
• End Date:
  20250630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:9a00861898395483d59db716d5b452594ae8d948982123cded956207c7424991a0d5f2ab139ebbf1a35894d8225c1202c2e921b0f385776857c177458c0a9f63
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/188467/cdc_188467_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 927.13 KB ]