Urine 1,6-Hexamethylene Diamine (HDA) Levels Among Workers Exposed to 1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI)

Details

• Personal Author:
  Ball LM ; Ding K ; Fent, Kenneth W. ; Flack SL ; Gaines LGT ; Nylander-French LA ; Richardson DB ; Thomasen JM ; Whittaker SG
• Description:
  Urinary 1,6-hexamethylene diamine (HDA) may serve as a biomarker for systemic exposure to 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) in occupationally exposed populations. However, the quantitative relationships between dermal and inhalation exposure to HDI and urine HDA levels have not been established. We measured acid-hydrolyzed urine HDA levels along with dermal and breathing-zone levels of HDI in 48 automotive spray painters. These measurements were conducted over the course of an entire workday for up to three separate workdays that were spaced approximately 1 month apart. One urine sample was collected before the start of work with HDI-containing paints and subsequent samples were collected during the workday. HDA levels varied throughout the day and ranged from nondetectable to 65.9 ug 1-1 with a geometric mean and geometric standard deviation of 0.10 ug 1-1+/- 6.68. Dermal exposure and inhalation exposure levels, adjusted for the type of respirator worn, were both significant predictors of urine HDA levels in the linear mixed models. Creatinine was a significant covariate when used as an independent variable along with dermal and respirator-adjusted inhalation exposure. Consequently, exposure assessment models must account for the water content of a urine sample. These findings indicate that HDA exhibits a biphasic elimination pattern, with a half-life of 2.9 h for the fast elimination phase. Our results also indicate that urine HDA level is significantly associated with systemic HDI exposure through both the skin and the lungs. We conclude that urinary HDA may be used as a biomarker of exposure to HDI, but biological monitoring should be tailored to reliably capture the intermittent exposure pattern typical in this industry. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Environmental Monitoring Occupational Health Respiratory Protective Devices Respiratory System Safety Skin Urine
• Keywords:
  1,6-hexamethylene Diamine 1,6-hexamethylene Diisocyanate Author Keywords: Biomarkers Breathing Creatinine Dermal Exposure Exposure-assessment Exposure-levels Exposure-limits Inhalation Exposure Respirators Respiratory-equipment Skin-exposure Urinalysis Urine Analysis

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• ISSN:
  0003-4878
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  North Carolina ; OSHA Region 10 ; OSHA Region 4 ; Washington
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  54
• Issue:
  6
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20037282
• Citation:
  Ann Occup Hyg 2010 Aug; 54(6):678-691
• Contact Point Address:
  Leena A. Nylander-French, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
• Email:
  leena_french@unc.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Hexamethylene diisocyanate (CAS RN 822-06-0) ; Hexamethylenediamine (CAS RN 124-09-4)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2010
• Performing Organization:
  University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20030801
• Source Full Name:
  Annals of Occupational Hygiene
• End Date:
  20070731
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:804573542d0715faa1f6331c4f880a00d1df5e6fe1b7f522b7ecee6a339f32beba27519289ebad384aa2dbd9e9af30667286d24acc70bbc490c6b60fc23d60b3
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/188398/cdc_188398_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 155.36 KB ]