Human Metabolism and Metabolic Interactions of Deployment-Related Chemicals

Details

• Personal Author:
  Hodgson E ; Rose RL
• Description:
  It has been suggested that chemicals and, more specifically, chemical interactions, are involved as causative agents in deployment-related illnesses. Unfortunately, this hypothesis has proven difficult to test, because toxicological investigations of deployment-related chemicals are usually carried out on surrogate animals and are difficult to extrapolate to humans. Other parts of the problem, such as the definition of variation within human populations and the development of methods for designating groups or individuals at significantly greater risk, cannot be carried out on surrogate animals, and the data must be derived from humans. The relatively recent availability of human cell.fractions, such as microsomes, cytosol, etc., human cells such as primary hepatocytes, recombinant human enzymes, and their isoforms and polymorphic variants has enabled a significant start to be made in developing the human data needed. These initial studies have examined the human metabolism by cytochrome P450, other phase I enzymes, and their isoforms and, in some cases, their polymorphic variants of compounds such as chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, DEET, permethrin, and pyridostigmine bromide, and, to a lesser extent, other chemicals from the same chemical and use classes, including solvents, jet fuel components, and sulfur mustard metabolites. A number of interactions at the metabolic level have been described both with respect to other xenobiotics and to endogenous metabolites. Probably the most dramatic have been seen in the ability of chlorpyrifos to inhibit not only the metabolism of other xenobiotics such as carbaryl and DEET but also to inhibit the metabolism of steroid hormones. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Aldehydes Carbamates Chemical Warfare Agents Chemistry Energy Metabolism Enzymes Formaldehyde Hypersensitivity Occupational Health Safety
• Keywords:
  Alcohols Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Author Keywords: Alcohol Dehydrogenase Chemical-agent-detectors Chemical-analysis Chemical-composition Chemical-extraction Chemical-hypersensitivity Chemical-properties Chemical-reactions Chemical-structure Chemical-synthesis Chemical-warfare-agents Chemical Warfare Agents Cytochrome P450 Deployment-related Chemicals Enzymatic-disorders Enzymatic-effects Enzyme-activity Enzyme-complexes Enzyme-inhibitors Jet Fuel Components Metabolic Interactions Metabolism Organophosphorus Compounds Pyrethroids Repellents Xenobiotic-metabolizing Enzymes

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• ISSN:
  0360-2532
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Cooperative Agreement
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  North Carolina ; OSHA Region 4
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  1-39
• Volume:
  37
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20036973
• Citation:
  Drug Metab Rev 2005 Jan; 37(1):1-39
• Contact Point Address:
  Ernest Hodgson, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Box 7633, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
• Email:
  ernest_hodgson@ncsu.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2005
• Performing Organization:
  East Carolina University
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20010930
• Source Full Name:
  Drug Metabolism Reviews
• End Date:
  20080929
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:33c43608e765869f44330ef580c12b7a9d5c99481c4c9d97d9475fd06dbf3dc7c64665f8edb6f100ea6884377db23c03f5ff1c5934414829a9f1ee05571012ed
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/188164/cdc_188164_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 544.24 KB ]