Cholinesterase Inhibition

Details

• Personal Author:
  Wilson BW
• Description:
  Cholinesterases (ChEs) are a ubiquitous groups of enzymes that hydrolyze esters of choline. A well known example is acetylcholinesterase (AChE, acetyl choline hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7), the enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing the important neurotransmitter acetyl­choline (ACh). Another ChE is butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE, acylcholine acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.8), also known as nonspecific cholinesterase. The preferred substrate for AChEs is ACh; BuChEs prefer to hydro­lyze esters like butyrylcholine and propionylcholine. Both AChE and BuChE are inhibited by some organo­phosphate (OP) and carbamate (CB) esters, and also by other chemicals. Many ChE inhibitors act at the catalytic site of the enzyme, forming enzyme-inhibitor complexes that are slow to hydrolyze. The use of ChE inhibitors as insecti­cides and as chemical warfare agents, their toxicity to humans, and their impact on wildlife have made them important to toxicology researchers and, public health and environmental health officials. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Chemical Warfare Agents Chemistry Cholinesterase Inhibitors Environmental Exposure Environmental Health Environmental Pollution Enzymes Hazardous Substances Insecticides Occupational Health Organophosphates Safety

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• Keywords:
  Acetylcholinesterase Chemical-analysis Chemical-extraction Chemical-reactions Chemical-structure Chemical-synthesis Chemical-warfare-agents Cholinesterase-inhibitors Environmental-factors Environmental-hazards Environmental-health Enzymatic-effects Enzyme-complexes Enzyme-inhibitors Exposure-levels Exposure-limits Humans Neurotransmitters Organo-phosphorus-pesticides Pesticides Pesticides-and-agricultural-chemicals Toxic-effects Toxins

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• ISBN:
  9780122272202
• Publisher:
  Academic Press
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Cooperative Agreement
• Genre:
  Book
• Place as Subject:
  California ; OSHA Region 9
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  326-340
• Volume:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20033398
• Citation:
  Encyclopedia of toxicology. Wexler-P; Gad-SC, eds., San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1998 1:326-340
• Editor(s):
  Wexler P; Gad SC
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1998
• Performing Organization:
  University of California - Davis
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Start Date:
  19900930
• Source Full Name:
  Encyclopedia of toxicology
• End Date:
  20020929
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:fe44c7ac6ca9f5ee6ea9fbac6beec3e0725d3b6dbe5e3f24caacfbed38ddf0abc86edccf804ef8f11ca0f6fc0ab82f7f65c36077e296f7f3164919f7aa6cd066
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/188992/cdc_188992_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.75 MB ]