Astrogliosis in CNS Pathologies: Is There a Role for Microglia

Details

• Personal Author:
  Hong JS ; Hu X ; O'Callaghan JP ; Qian L ; Zhang D
• Description:
  Astrogliosis, a cellular reaction with specific structural and functional characteristics, represents a remarkably homotypic response of astrocytes to all kinds of central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. Astrocytes play diverse functions in the brain, both harmful and beneficial. Mounting evidence indicates that astrogliosis is an underlying component of a diverse range of diseases and associated neuropathologies. The mechanisms that lead to astrogliosis are not fully understood, nevertheless, damaged neurons have long been reported to induce astrogliosis and astrogliosis has been used as an index for underlying neuronal damage. As the predominant source of proinflammatory factors in the CNS, microglia are readily activated under certain pathological conditions. An increasing body of evidence suggests that release of cytokines and other soluble products by activated microglia can significantly influence the subsequent development of astrogliosis and scar formation in CNS. It is well known that damaged neurons activate microglia very quickly, therefore, it is possible that activated microglia contribute factors/mediators through which damaged neuron induce astrogliosis. The hypothesis that activated microglia initiate and maintain astrogliosis suggests that suppression of microglial overactivation might effectively attenuate reactive astrogliosis. Development of targeted anti-microglial activation therapies might slow or halt the progression of astrogliosis and, therefore, help achieve a more beneficial environment in various CNS pathologies. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Nervous System Nervous System Diseases Nervous System Disorders Occupational Health Safety
• Keywords:
  Astrogliosis Author Keywords: Astrocyte Biological-effects Central-nervous-system Central-nervous-system-disorders Cytokine GFAP Microglia Nervous-system-disorders Neurological-diseases Neurological-system Neuropathology Neuropathy Neurophysiology Pathogenicity Physiological-effects Physiological-response

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• ISSN:
  0893-7648
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  232-241
• Volume:
  41
• Issue:
  2
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20036943
• Citation:
  Mol Neurobiol 2010 Jun; 41(2-3):232-241
• Contact Point Address:
  Dan Zhang, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
• Email:
  zhangd2@niehs.nih.gov
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2010
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Molecular Neurobiology
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:c976638329761f255c3b9e8d467790d0f4d92d17eea08576150da8e450058dce66cf2ad3cb9e61e0d474339a8ef8216c6f9b2789142ae904021d5bf83146d032
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/188152/cdc_188152_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 303.16 KB ]