Toxic substances and congenital malformations.

Details

• Personal Author:
  Warkany J
• Description:
  The exposure of pregnant women to various substances which resulted in malformations in their offspring was reviewed. Evidence of the possibility of such occurrences was not firmly and scientifically based until the 1930's and 1940's. Countless teratologic experiments were performed using animal models during the 19th century. While these tests were of scientific value, they were not necessarily applicable to human conditions. Certain deficiencies in the diet of animals were shown to result in malformations in the fetus. Certain other studies identified various positive teratogens, substances, and procedures which caused malformations in the offspring to occur. Nitrogen-mustard (51752) produced severe malformations in rodents; trypan-blue (72571) produced exencephaly, hydrocephaly, spina bifida, and other malformations; many antimetabolites and antitumor drugs including aminopterin (54626), methotrexate (59052), myleran (55981), cyclophosphamide (50180), and chlorambucil (305033) caused malformations in children; some antibiotics such as streptonigrin (3930196) produced malformations in rats which were different from those produced by other teratogens; cortisone (53065) produced cleft palate in some strains of mice; oral hypoglycemics and insulin (9004108) were teratogenic in rodents; hypervitaminosis-A resulted in exencephaly in many species. Also shown to be teratogenic were phenylmercuric-acetate (62384), nicotine (54115), caffeine (58082), aspirin (50782), thalidomide (50351), and even sodium-chloride. The author cautions that while such data can show how certain agents may be teratogenic, such results must not be strictly equated with human teratogenicity. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Biopharmaceutics Environmental Exposure Environmental Pollution Laboratories Occupational Health Safety Teratogenesis Urogenital Diseases Urogenital System
• Keywords:
  Contract-210-76-0154 Embryopathology Embryotoxicity Environmental-pollution Laboratory-animals NIOSH-Contract Pharmaceuticals Reproductive-effects Reproductive-system-disorders
• Publisher:
  Society for Occupational and Environmental Health
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Proceedings
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 10 ; Washington
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  28-31
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:00174374
• Citation:
  Proceedings Conference on Women and the Workplace, June 17-19, 1976, Washington, DC. Bingham E, ed. Washington, DC: Society for Occupational and Environmental Health, 1977 Apr; :28-31
• CAS Registry Number:
  (-)-Nicotine (CAS RN 54-11-5) ; Aminopterin (CAS RN 54-62-6) ; Aspirin (CAS RN 50-78-2) ; Busulfan (CAS RN 55-98-1) ; Caffeine (CAS RN 58-08-2) ; Chlorambucil (CAS RN 305-03-3) ; Cortisone (CAS RN 53-06-5) ; Cyclophosphamide (CAS RN 50-18-0) ; Insulin (CAS RN 9004-10-8) ; Mechlorethamine (CAS RN 51-75-2) ; Methotrexate (CAS RN 59-05-2) ; Phenylmercuric acetate (CAS RN 62-38-4) ; Streptonigrin (CAS RN 3930-19-6) ; Thalidomide (CAS RN 50-35-1) ; Trypan blue (CAS RN 72-57-1)
• Editor(s):
  Bingham E
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1977
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  Proceedings of the Conference on Women and the Workplace, Washington, D. C., June 17-19, 1976, NIOSH
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:5f36943240ca24aa0407c7ead80578ece9966fde47ffea2d0522e13aa973087684d3f81652dc8331da29e4142f5e12acd43da3221f61d36ddde0bacffae066e3
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/185312/cdc_185312_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 202.78 KB ]