Metabolism of azo dyes to carcinogenic amines.

Details

• Personal Author:
  Lowry, Larry K. ; Tolos WP
• Description:
  The metabolism of azo dyes to carcinogenic amines was studied in hamsters. Male Syrian golden hamsters were given a single oral dose of 100 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) Direct Black 38 (DB-38) containing 3.0 parts per million (ppm) benzidine (92875), 6.0ppm 4- aminobiphenyl (92671) (4-ABP), and 670ppm 2,4-diaminoazobenzene (495545). Other hamsters were given 100mg/kg of the 3,3'- dichlorobenzidine (91941) based Pigment Yellow 12 (PY-12). Urine specimens were collected for 8 days and analyzed by electron capture gas chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography. Mutagenicity of urinary metabolites of DB-38 was tested using the Ames Salmonella test, with and without mouse liver microsomal activation. DB-38 was extensively metabolized to benzidine, the N- acetylbenzidine metabolites, and unspecified benzidine conjugates. Concentrations of metabolites peaked at 8 to 16 hours, but the major metabolite, monoacetylbenzidine (3366618), was present in measurable quantities after 7 days. The amount of excreted metabolites far exceeded the amount of benzidine and 4-ABP present as impurities in the dye. None of the DB-38 metabolites were mutagenic without activation, but all had some degree of mutagenic activity in the presence of S-9 in at least one tester strain. PY-12 produced no measurable concentrations of any metabolites. The authors conclude that exposure to DB-38 may increase the risk of cancer in humans because benzidine and 4-ABP are bladder carcinogens.
• Subjects:
  Accidents, Occupational Mortality Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Risk Assessment Safety
• Keywords:
  Biochemistry Carcinogenesis Coloring-materials Dyes Laboratory-animals Metabolism Mutagenesis
• Publisher:
  NCI; EPA; NIOSH
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Conference/Symposia Proceedings
• Place as Subject:
  District of Columbia ; Maryland ; OSHA Region 3
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  378-398
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:00123089
• Citation:
  Proceedings of the first NCI/EPA/NIOSH collaborative workshop: progress on joint environmental and occupational cancer studies, May 6-8, 1980, Rockville, Maryland. Kraybill HF, Blackwood IC, Freas NB, eds. Washington, DC: National Cancer Institute, Environmental Protection Agency, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1980 May; :378-398
• CAS Registry Number:
  4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl (CAS RN 92-87-5) ; 4-Aminobiphenyl (CAS RN 92-67-1) ; 2,4-Diaminoazobenzene (CAS RN 495-54-5) ; 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (CAS RN 91-94-1) ; Acetylbenzidine (CAS RN 3366-61-8)
• Editor(s):
  Kraybill HF ; Blackwood IC ; Freas NB
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1980
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  Proceedings of the first NCI/EPA/NIOSH collaborative workshop: progress on joint environmental and occupational cancer studies, May 6-8, 1980, Rockville, Maryland
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:497f8a50305b6dedfab00841c3a353ebad144e638e0a06fb70d6d2267fa6e3e340c8e5a975a0e075185b0dd7c9204c239fc56ead5b3cf3feaa274e610b21379f
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/179464/cdc_179464_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 511.41 KB ]