ATP-based assessments of recent cleaning and disinfection for high-touch surfaces in low-resource shared toilets

Details

• Alternative Title:
  NPJ Clean Water
• Personal Author:
  Prentice-Mott, Graeme ; Maru, Lorna ; Kossik, Alexandra ; Mugambi, Evelyn Makena ; Ombok, Cynthia ; Odinoh, Raymond ; Mwikali, Florence ; Rosenberg, Ruthie ; Ngere, Isaac ; Murphy, Jennifer ; Berendes, David
• Description:
  Quality improvements and reduction of disease risk for low-resource shared sanitation facilities require cleanliness assessment approaches that are both rigorous and practical. Using Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence testing, we assessed contamination on high-touch (HT) surfaces (inner door handles) at 32 shared toilet sites in Kisumu, Kenya. In public toilets, contamination was lowest after cleaning and disinfection (C&D) with 0.5% chlorine solution (adjusted difference in mean log| Relative Light Units per 100cm| (aDiff): -1.61; CI: -2.43, -0.59), followed by C&D with 0.1% chlorine solution (aDiff: -1.16; CI: -1.77, -0.55). ATP levels were not associated with overall observable toilet cleanliness and had poor agreement with visually assessed HT surface cleanliness. Our findings demonstrate the utility of this field-feasible method for detecting the impact of recent C&D in low-resource shared toilets, a novel setting for ATP cleanliness testing, while also highlighting the importance of using effective C&D procedures and addressing HT surfaces within cleaning protocols.
• Source:
  NPJ Clean Water. 7(1)
• Pubmed ID:
  39569317
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC11578106
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/
• Volume:
  7
• Issue:
  1
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:c42177e9162fc291f6f056bec09c013e87561f8aad52b93d75d8d35b704054495223a734de3718ff104561e276c2c7d44b85dd64a235c2f98ca413e504047d9b
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/170641/cdc_170641_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 808.16 KB ]