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Syphilis Outbreak Detection Guidance
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2018/06/04
[PDF-723.67 KB]
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Description:In 2000, cases of primary and secondary syphilis were at the lowest rate ever reported (2.1/100,000) (1). Since that time, syphilis incidence has increased steeply with a rate of 8.7/100,000 reported in 2016 (1). The national epidemiology of early syphilis (primary, secondary, and early latent) is well-known, with cases occurring primarily among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM). Reported cases of primary and secondary syphilis have a high rate of HIV coinfection, particularly among MSM (1). During 2000–2012, syphilis rates among women had been low; however these rates increased from 2013–2016 (1), and outbreaks are occurring in many areas. These outbreaks and increases among women are accompanied by increases in congenital syphilis, resulting in more syphilis deaths among infants and unborn babies than among adults. Outbreaks can be interrupted when they are identified early and appropriate interventions are implemented. State and local sexually transmitted disease (STD) programs are responsible for recognizing and understanding their local epidemiology to determine how best to target interventions to decrease the number of cases in their jurisdictions. While partner notification activities, usually accomplished through the work of Disease Intervention Specialists (DIS), are often one of the primary methods used by STD programs to prevent the spread of syphilis and other STDs in their jurisdictions, sometimes these routine activities alone are not sufficient. It is important for STD programs to be able to identify those situations where additional resources might be necessary to curb transmission in a given community (for example, during an outbreak).
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