Genomic Evolution of Influenza During the 2023–2024 Season, the Johns Hopkins Health System

Yunker, Madeline; Villafuerte, David A.; Fall, Amary; Norton, Julie M.; Abdullah, Omar; Rothman, Richard E.; Fenstermacher, Katherine Z.J.; Morris, C. Paul; Pekosz, Andrew; Klein, Eili; Mostafa, Heba H.

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105718

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CDC STACKS serves as an archival repository of CDC-published products including scientific findings, journal articles, guidelines, recommendations, or other public health information authored or co-authored by CDC or funded partners. As a repository, CDC STACKS retains documents in their original published format to ensure public access to scientific information.

Genomic Evolution of Influenza During the 2023–2024 Season, the Johns Hopkins Health System

10-2024
By Yunker, Madeline ; Villafuerte, David A. ; Fall, Amary ; ...
Source: J Clin Virol. 174:105718

Public Access Version Available on: October 01, 2025, 12:00 AM

Please check back on the date listed above.

English

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Alternative Title:

J Clin Virol
Personal Author:

Yunker, Madeline ; Villafuerte, David A. ; Fall, Amary ; Norton, Julie M. ; Abdullah, Omar ; ... More +

Yunker, Madeline ; Villafuerte, David A. ; Fall, Amary ; Norton, Julie M. ; Abdullah, Omar ; Rothman, Richard E. ; Fenstermacher, Katherine Z.J. ; Morris, C. Paul ; Pekosz, Andrew ; Klein, Eili ; Mostafa, Heba H. Less -
Description:

Influenza, a human disease caused by viruses in the Orthomyxoviridae family, is estimated to infect 5% -10 % of adults and 20% -30 % of children annually. Influenza A (IAV) and Influenza B (IBV) viruses accumulate amino acid substitutions (AAS) in the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins seasonally. These changes, as well as the dominating viral subtypes, vary depending on geographical location, which may impact disease prevalence and the severity of the season. Genomic surveillance is crucial for capturing circulation patterns and characterizing AAS that may affect disease outcomes, vaccine efficacy, or antiviral drug activities. In this study, whole-genome sequencing of IAV and IBV was attempted on positive remnant clinical samples (587) collected from 580 patients between June 2023 and February 2024 in the Johns Hopkins Health System (JHHS). Full-length HA segments were obtained from 424 (72.2 %) samples. H1N1pdm09 (71.7 %) was the predominant IAV subtype, followed by H3N2 (16.7 %) and IBV-Victoria clade V1A.3a.2 (11.6 %). Within H1N1pdm09 HA sequences, the 6B1A.5a.2a.1 (60.5 %) clade was the most represented. Full-length NA segments were obtained from 421 (71.7 %) samples. Within H1N1pdm09 and IBV, AAS previously proposed to change susceptibility to NA inhibitors were infrequently detected. Phylogeny of HA and NA demonstrated heterogeneous HA and NA H1N1pdm09 and IBV subclades. No significant differences were observed in admission rates or use of supplemental oxygen between different subtypes or clades. Influenza virus genomic surveillance is essential for understanding the seasonal evolution of influenza viruses and their association with disease prevalence and outcomes.
Subjects:

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Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 And Over Amino Acid Substitution Child Child, Preschool Evolution, Molecular Female Genome, Viral Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus Humans Infant Influenza, Human Influenza A Virus Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype Influenza B Virus Male Middle Aged Neuraminidase Phylogeny Seasons Whole Genome Sequencing Young Adult
Keywords:

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2023/2024 Season IAV IBV Influenza
Source:

J Clin Virol. 174:105718
Pubmed ID:

39079210
Pubmed Central ID:

PMC11384212
Document Type:

Journal Article
Funding:

HHSN272201400007C/AI/NIAID NIH HHSUnited States/ ; U01 CK000589/CK/NCEZID CDC HHSUnited States/

HHSN272201400007C/AI/NIAID NIH HHSUnited States/ ; U01 CK000589/CK/NCEZID CDC HHSUnited States/ Less -
Volume:

174
Collection(s):

CDC Public Access
Main Document Checksum:

[+]

urn:sha-512:f085f48e2a5695c4012ae55c7ba62b324199a427b3d48030b020ffc80225fbcfc141efe344d2b5d13da63a7770bbbb8b5d7afc332a1aa9f73d4cfb9afe9f5312
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