Multiple forms of perceived job discrimination and hypertension risk among employed women: Findings from the Sister Study

Coates, Matthew M.; Arah, Onyebuchi A.; Matthews, Timothy A.; Sandler, Dale P.; Jackson, Chandra L.; Li, Jian

doi:10.1002/ajim.23634

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Multiple forms of perceived job discrimination and hypertension risk among employed women: Findings from the Sister Study

9 2024
By Coates, Matthew M. ; Arah, Onyebuchi A. ; Matthews, Timothy A. ; ...
Source: Am J Ind Med. 67(9):844-856

Public Access Version Available on: September 01, 2025, 12:00 AM

Please check back on the date listed above.

English

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Alternative Title:

Am J Ind Med
Personal Author:

Coates, Matthew M. ; Arah, Onyebuchi A. ; Matthews, Timothy A. ; Sandler, Dale P. ; Jackson, Chandra L. ; ... More +

Coates, Matthew M. ; Arah, Onyebuchi A. ; Matthews, Timothy A. ; Sandler, Dale P. ; Jackson, Chandra L. ; Li, Jian Less -
Description:

Background

Hypertension has been linked to socially patterned stressors, including discrimination. Few studies have quantified the risk of hypertension associated with exposure to perceived job discrimination.

Methods

We used prospective cohort data from the Sister Study (enrollment from 2003–2009) to estimate self-reported incident hypertension associated with perceived job discrimination based on race, gender, age, sexual orientation, or health status. Job discrimination in the prior five years was assessed in 2008–2012, and incident doctor-diagnosed hypertension was ascertained in previously hypertension-free participants.

Results

Among the 16,770 eligible participants aged 37 to 78 years at start of follow-up, 10.5% reported job discrimination in the past five years, and 19.2% (n=3,226) reported incident hypertension over a median follow-up of 9.7 years (interquartile range 8.2–11.0 years). Self-reported poor health or inclusion in minoritized groups based on race/ethnicity or sexual orientation were more frequent among those reporting job discrimination. In a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for covariates, report of at least one type of job discrimination (compared to none) was associated with a 14% (HR=1.14 [95% CI: 1.02–1.27]) higher hypertension risk. Results from sensitivity analyses reinforced the findings.

Conclusions

Results suggest that interventions addressing job discrimination could have workplace equity and health benefits.
Subjects:

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Adult Aged Employment Female Humans Hypertension Incidence Middle Aged Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Risk Factors Self Report United States
Keywords:

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Hypertension Job Discrimination Prospective Cohort Workers
Source:

Am J Ind Med. 67(9):844-856
Pubmed ID:

38953171
Pubmed Central ID:

PMC11340861
Document Type:

Journal Article
Funding:

R01 AG072634/AG/NIA NIH HHSUnited States/ ; T42 OH008412/OH/NIOSH CDC HHSUnited States/ ; T32 CA009142/CA/NCI NIH HHSUnited States/ ; Z01ES04405/Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/ ; Z01 ES044005/ImNIH/Intramural NIH HHSUnited States/ ; ... More +

R01 AG072634/AG/NIA NIH HHSUnited States/ ; T42 OH008412/OH/NIOSH CDC HHSUnited States/ ; T32 CA009142/CA/NCI NIH HHSUnited States/ ; Z01ES04405/Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/ ; Z01 ES044005/ImNIH/Intramural NIH HHSUnited States/ ; NIH/NCI T32 CA009142/CA/NCI NIH HHSUnited States/ ; ZIA ES103325/ImNIH/Intramural NIH HHSUnited States/ ; Z1AES103325-01/ES/NIEHS NIH HHSUnited States/ Less -
Volume:

67
Issue:

9
Collection(s):

CDC Public Access
Main Document Checksum:

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urn:sha-512:2f680b3ac80622a9d1a96fe24d9c19a7bf1b64bee5bf0408195f5eba45903bbbeb239433d8390a17b4e568a7805dbafa2d613b3378afa56a0571b7eeb3f1c058
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