Implementation of a standardised and quality-assured enhanced gonococcal antimicrobial surveillance programme in accordance with WHO protocols in Kampala, Uganda

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Sex Transm Infect
• Personal Author:
  Kakooza, Francis ; Musinguzi, Patrick ; Workneh, Meklit ; Walwema, Richard ; Kyambadde, Peter ; Mande, Emmanuel ; Lubega, Christopher ; Nakasi, Jhamira M ; Kiggundu, Reuben ; Hamill, Matthew M ; Bagaya, Bernard S ; Lamorde, Mohammed ; Unemo, Magnus ; Manabe, Yukari C
• Description:
  Objectives
  
  The emergence of multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) is a major global health threat necessitating response and control measures. NG antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance data from sub-Saharan countries is exceedingly limited. This paper aims to describe the establishment, design and implementation of a standardised and quality-assured gonococcal surveillance programme and to describe the susceptibility patterns of the cultured gonococcal isolates in Kampala, Uganda.
  
  Methods
  
  From March 2018 to September 2019, using the WHO Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (EGASP) protocol, consecutive males with urethral discharge syndrome were recruited from 10 surveillance sites in Kampala City, Uganda, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health. Males completed a questionnaire and provided a urethral swab specimen. Culture, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (Etest) were performed.
  
  Results
  
  Of the 1013 males recruited, 73.1% (740/1013) had a positive Gram stain and 51.1% (n=518) were culture-positive for NG. Using Etest (458 isolates), the resistance to ciprofloxacin was 99.6%. Most isolates were susceptible to azithromycin, cefoxitin and gentamicin, that is, 99.8%, 98.5% and 92.4%, respectively, and all isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and cefixime.
  
  Conclusions
  
  We established a standardised, quality-assured WHO EGASP. Using Etest, 458 isolates were characterised, with associated epidemiological surveillance data, in 1.5 years, which by far exceed the minimum 100 isolates per year and country requested in the WHO Global GASP, to detect AMR levels with confidence. These isolates with the epidemiological data can be used to develop population level interventions.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Anti-Infective Agents Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests Drug Resistance, Microbial Epidemiological Monitoring Gonorrhea Guideline Adherence Humans Male Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Sentinel Surveillance Uganda World Health Organization

  More +
• Source:
  Sex Transm Infect. 97(4):312-316
• Pubmed ID:
  33082237
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC11223601
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  U2G GH001744/GH/CGH CDC HHSUnited States/ ; U54 EB007958/EB/NIBIB NIH HHSUnited States/
• Volume:
  97
• Issue:
  4
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:2b0dce8bbf0ae35e8d80082512841b6004620b35a2487a5a68137b1179aa3379
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/158494/cdc_158494_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 354.88 KB ]