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A Multiple-Serotype Outbreak of Salmonella Infections Linked to Kratom, United States, 2017–2018
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9 2022
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Source: Foodborne Pathog Dis. 19(9):648-653
[PDF-339.82 KB]
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Alternative Title:Foodborne Pathog Dis
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Description:In early 2018, we investigated a large national multiple-serotype | outbreak linked to contaminated kratom, a raw minimally processed botanical substance. Kratom is a plant consumed for its stimulant effects and as an opioid substitute. A case was defined as a laboratory-confirmed | infection with one of the outbreak strains (serotypes I 4,[5],12:b:-, Heidelberg, Javiana, Okatie, Weltevreden, or Thompson) with illnesses onset during January 11, 2017-May 8, 2018. State and local officials collected detailed information on product consumption and sources. Suspected products were tested for | and traceback was conducted to determine product distribution chains and suppliers. We identified 199 cases from 41 states; 54 patients were hospitalized. Early interviews indicated kratom was an exposure of interest. Seventy-six (74%) of 103 people interviewed reported consuming kratom in pills, powders, or teas. Multiple serotypes of | were detected in samples of kratom collected from the homes of the patients and from retail locations. Several companies issued recalls of kratom products due to | contamination. To the authors' knowledge, this investigation is the first to establish kratom as a vehicle for | infection. Our findings underscore the serious safety concerns regarding minimally processed botanical substances intended for oral consumption and the challenges in investigating outbreaks linked to novel outbreak vehicles.
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Pubmed ID:35917511
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Pubmed Central ID:PMC10961741
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Volume:19
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Issue:9
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