Sporozoite immunization: innovative translational science to support the fight against malaria

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Expert Rev Vaccines
• Personal Author:
  Richie, Thomas L. ; Church, L. W. Preston ; Murshedkar, Tooba ; Billingsley, Peter F. ; James, Eric R. ; Chen, Mei-Chun ; Abebe, Yonas ; KC, Natasha ; Chakravarty, Sumana ; Dolberg, David ; Healy, Sara A. ; Diawara, Halimatou ; Sissoko, Mahamadou S. ; Sagara, Issaka ; Cook, David M. ; Epstein, Judith E. ; Mordmüller, Benjamin ; Kapulu, Melissa ; Kreidenweiss, Andrea ; Franke-Fayard, Blandine ; Agnandji, Selidji T. ; López Mikue, María-Silvia A. ; McCall, Matthew B. B. ; Steinhardt, Laura ; Oneko, Martina ; Olotu, Ally ; Vaughan, Ashley M. ; Kublin, James G. ; Murphy, Sean C. ; Jongo, Said ; Tanner, Marcel ; Sirima, Sodiomon B. ; Laurens, Matthew B. ; Daubenberger, Claudia ; Silva, Joana C. ; Lyke, Kirsten E. ; Janse, Chris J. ; Roestenberg, Meta ; Sauerwein, Robert W. ; Abdulla, Salim ; Dicko, Alassane ; Kappe, Stefan H. I. ; Lee Sim, B. Kim ; Duffy, Patrick E. ; Kremsner, Peter G. ; Hoffman, Stephen L.
• Description:
  Introduction:
  
  Malaria, a devastating febrile illness caused by protozoan parasites, sickened 247,000,000 people in 2021 and killed 619,000, mostly children and pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. A highly effective vaccine is urgently needed, especially for Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), the deadliest human malaria parasite.
  
  Areas covered:
  
  Sporozoites (SPZ), the parasite stage transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes to humans, are the only vaccine immunogen achieving >90% efficacy against Pf infection. This review describes >30 clinical trials of PfSPZ vaccines in the U.S.A., Europe, Africa, and Asia, based on first-hand knowledge of the trials and PubMed searches of ‘sporozoites,’ ‘malaria,’ and ‘vaccines.’
  
  Expert opinion:
  
  First generation (radiation-attenuated) PfSPZ vaccines are safe, well tolerated, 80–100% efficacious against homologous controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) and provide 18–19 months protection without boosting in Africa. Second generation chemo-attenuated PfSPZ are more potent, 100% efficacious against stringent heterologous (variant strain) CHMI, but require a co-administered drug, raising safety concerns. Third generation, late liver stage-arresting, replication competent (LARC), genetically-attenuated PfSPZ are expected to be both safe and highly efficacious. Overall, PfSPZ vaccines meet safety, tolerability, and efficacy requirements for protecting pregnant women and travelers exposed to Pf in Africa, with licensure for these populations possible within 5 years. Protecting children and mass vaccination programs to block transmission and eliminate malaria are long-term objectives.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Animals Child Female Humans Immunization Malaria Malaria, Falciparum Malaria Vaccines Plasmodium Falciparum Pregnancy Sporozoites Translational Science, Biomedical Vaccines, Attenuated

  More +
• Keywords:
  Malaria Vaccines PfSPZ-CVac PfSPZ-LARC2 Vaccine PfSPZ Vaccine Review Vaccines
• Source:
  Expert Rev Vaccines. 22(1):964-1007
• Pubmed ID:
  37571809
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC10949369
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  WT_/Wellcome TrustUnited Kingdom/ ; CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/ ; R01 AI141900/AI/NIAID NIH HHSUnited States/ ; ZIA AI001170/ImNIH/Intramural NIH HHSUnited States/
• Volume:
  22
• Issue:
  1
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:34ed27aa9d1874479a45e1efc2c7d31021e45bdfc5e5323dab101286bfd20167c063e58799ef8bc1302ed814088520533085af3fba78134f9b4d9f362c17d7d2
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/151779/cdc_151779_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 2.32 MB ]