Modeling Cadmium Exposures in Low- and High-Exposure Areas in Thailand

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Environ Health Perspect
• Personal Author:
  Satarug, Soisungwan ; Swaddiwudhipong, Witaya ; Ruangyuttikarn, Werawan ; Nishijo, Muneko ; Ruiz, Patricia
• Description:
  Previous U.S. population modeling studies have reported that urinary cadmium (Cd) excretion patterns differ with age, sex, and dietary exposure; associations between Cd exposures and health outcomes also have differed by age and sex. Therefore, it is important to test models used to estimate Cd exposures across an expanded Cd-exposure range.|We estimated relative Cd exposures from both diet and smoking in low- and high-exposure scenarios to provide data for improving risk assessment calculations.|We used a Cd toxicokinetic-based model to estimate Cd exposures based on urinary Cd levels measured for 399 persons in a low-exposure area (Bangkok) and 6,747 persons in a high-exposure area (Mae Sot) in Thailand.|In Bangkok, we estimated dietary Cd exposures of 50-56 µg/day for males and 21-27 µg/day for females 20-59 years of age who never smoked. In Mae Sot, we estimated dietary Cd exposures of 188-224 µg/day for males and 99-113 µg/day for females 20-59 years of age who never smoked. In Bangkok, we estimated Cd exposures from smoking to be 5.5-20.4 µg/day for male smokers 20-59 years of age. In Mae Sot, we estimated Cd exposures from smoking to be 9.8-26 µg/day for male heavy smokers and 26 µg/day for female heavy smokers.|This study provides estimates of Cd exposures from diet and smoking in low- and high-exposure scenarios. Our findings suggest a relatively small safety margin between the established tolerable Cd reference exposure of 62 µg/day and exposure levels previously associated with evidence of kidney and bone effects in Mae Sot residents, where dietary Cd exposures among women were only 1.6-2.1 times the reference value.
• Subjects:
  Adolescent Adult Cadmium Diet Environmental Exposure Environmental Monitoring Female Humans Male Middle Aged Models, Theoretical Reference Values Smoking

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• Source:
  Environ Health Perspect. 2013; 121(5):531-536.
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Thailand
• Volume:
  121
• Issue:
  5
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:02dd69326c0085d4430984ca76a569f1832bc94238001d9a427cbaff2d061090
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/13655/cdc_13655_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 353.40 KB ]