Association between cardiovascular health metrics and depression among U.S. adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2014

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Ann Epidemiol
• Personal Author:
  Zhang, Zefeng ; Jackson, Sandra ; Merritt, Robert ; Gillespie, Cathleen ; Yang, Quanhe
• Description:
  Purpose:
  
  The American Heart Association has identified seven modifiable cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics, including four health behaviors (body mass index, smoking, physical activity, and dietary intake) and three health factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting glucose). We sought to examine the association between CVH metrics and depression.
  
  Methods:
  
  We analyzed data on 14,561 adults aged 20 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2014. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire; a score of 0–4, 5–9, and 10 or higher represented no or minimal, mild, moderate or severe depressive symptoms, respectively. CVH was categorized as inadequate, average, or optimum. We used multinomial logistic regression to assess the association between CVH and depression, adjusted for age, gender, race or ethnicity, education, and alcohol use.
  
  Results:
  
  Prevalence of inadequate, average, and optimum CVH were 6.1%, 59.7%, and 34.2%; 14.9% and 7.8% of adults had mild and moderate/severe depression, respectively. Compared with participants with optimum CVH, prevalence ratios for moderate or severe depression were 4.39 (95% confidence interval, 3.32–5.80) and 2.64 (2.15–3.24) for those with inadequate and average CVH, respectively. The corresponding prevalence ratios for mild depression were 2.11 (1.77–2.52) and 1.36 (1.19–1.55). The association appeared to be stronger for CVH behaviors.
  
  Conclusions:
  
  There was a graded association between CVH metrics, particularly for health behaviors, and mild and moderate/severe depression among U.S. adults.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Adult Aged Article Blood Pressure Body Mass Index Cardiovascular Diseases Cardiovascular Health Cross-Sectional Studies Depression Female Health Status Health Status Indicators Humans Life Style Male Middle Aged NHANES Nutrition Surveys Prevalence Prevalence Ratio Risk Factors Socioeconomic Factors United States Young Adult

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• Source:
  Ann Epidemiol. 31:49-56.e2
• Pubmed ID:
  30665827
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC10083895
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/
• Volume:
  31
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:edaba2d72b522753dccfdad84e3d433401b42787758db14cb223a1b69eb3163d
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/126884/cdc_126884_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 529.84 KB ]