Details:

Alternative Title:
Addiction
Personal Author:
Nolen, Shayla ; Zang, Xiao ; Chatterjee, Avik ; Behrends, Czarina N. ; Green, Traci C. ; ... More +
Nolen, Shayla ; Zang, Xiao ; Chatterjee, Avik ; Behrends, Czarina N. ; Green, Traci C. ; Kumar, Aranshi ; Linas, Benjamin P. ; Morgan, Jake R. ; Murphy, Sean M. ; Walley, Alexander Y. ; Yan, Shapei ; Schackman, Bruce R. ; Marshall, Brandon D.L. Less -
Description:
Background and aims:

Opioid-related overdose death rates continue to rise in the United States, especially in racial/ethnic minority communities. Our objective was to determine if US municipalities with high percentages of non-white residents have equitable access to the overdose antidote naloxone distributed by community-based organizations.

Methods:

We used community-based naloxone data from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health and the Rhode Island Non-Pharmacy Naloxone Distribution program for 2016–2018. We obtained publicly available opioid-related overdose death data from Massachusetts and the Office of the State Medical Examiners in Rhode Island. We defined the naloxone coverage ratio as the number of community-based naloxone kits received by a resident in a municipality divided by the number of opioid-related overdose deaths among residents, updated annually. We used a Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations to analyze the relationship between the municipal racial/ethnic composition and naloxone coverage ratio. To account for the potential nonlinear relationship between naloxone coverage ratio and race/ethnicity, we created B-splines for the percentage of non-white residents; and for a secondary analysis examining the percentage of African American/Black and Hispanic residents. The models were adjusted for the percentage of residents in poverty, urbanicity, state, and population size.

Results:

Between 2016–2018, the annual naloxone coverage ratios range was 0–135. There was no difference in naloxone coverage ratios among municipalities with varying percentages of non-white residents in our multivariable analysis. In the secondary analysis, municipalities with higher percentages of African American/Black residents had higher naloxone coverage ratios, independent of other factors. Naloxone coverage did not differ by percentage of Hispanic residents.

Conclusions:

There appear to be no municipal-level racial/ethnic inequities in naloxone distribution in Rhode Island and Massachusetts, USA.


Subjects:
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Accessibility Analgesics, Opioid Article Drug Overdose Ethnic And Racial Minorities Ethnicity Humans Massachusetts Minority Groups Naloxone Narcotic Antagonists Opiate Overdose Opioid-Related Disorders Overdose Deaths Racial Disparity Rhode Island United States
Source:
Addiction. 117(5):1372-1381
Pubmed ID:
34825427
Pubmed Central ID:
PMC8983544
Document Type:
Journal Article
Funding:
P30 DA040500/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/ ; R01CE002999/ACL/ACL HHSUnited States/ ; R01 CE002999/CE/NCIPC CDC HHSUnited States/ ; R01 DA045745/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/ ; U01 DA047408/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/ ; ... More +
P30 DA040500/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/ ; R01CE002999/ACL/ACL HHSUnited States/ ; R01 CE002999/CE/NCIPC CDC HHSUnited States/ ; R01 DA045745/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/ ; U01 DA047408/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/ ; P20 GM125507/GM/NIGMS NIH HHSUnited States/ Less -
Collection(s):
CDC Public Access
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:8353e03ca5fb0e59c3266efb9c255f67754814ec5ddb8065b78fc1b4e230224a
Download URL:
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/116084/cdc_116084_DS1.pdf
File Type:

Supporting Files

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