Income Disparities and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Adolescents

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Pediatrics
• Personal Author:
  Jackson, Sandra L ; Yang, Emily C ; Zhang, Zefeng
• Description:
  Background and Objective:
  
  Socioeconomic disparities in cardiovascular health among adults have been documented, but disparities during adolescence are less understood. This study examined secular trends in 7 cardiovascular risk factors and disparities among US adolescents.
  
  Methods:
  
  We analyzed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 1999-2014, including 11,557 (4,854 fasting) participants aged 12-19 years. To examine trends in cardiovascular risk factors, adolescents were stratified into 3 groups based on family income to poverty ratio (PIR): low income (PIR, <1.3), middle income (≥1.3 and <3.5), and high income (≥3.5).
  
  Results:
  
  From 1999-2014, the prevalence of obesity increased (16.5% to 21.0%, p=0.001), but only among low and middle income adolescents, with significant disparities in prevalence by income (21.7% vs 14.6% among low vs high income adolescents, respectively, in 2011-2014). In addition, there were significant and persistent disparities in the prevalence of smoking (20.8% vs 7.4% among low vs high income adolescents, respectively, in 2011-2014), low quality diet (67.8% vs 49.0%), and physical inactivity (25.6% vs 17.0%). No significant disparities were observed in the prevalence of prediabetes/diabetes, hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia, although the prevalence of prediabetes/diabetes increased among low-income adolescents (21.4% to 28.0%, p=0.01). Overall, the prevalence of adolescents with two or more risk factors declined (48.3% to 37.1%, p<0.001), but this decline was only significant for high and middle income adolescents.
  
  Conclusions:
  
  Recent improvements in cardiovascular health have not been equally shared by US adolescents of varying socioeconomic status.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Adolescent Adolescent Health Cardiovascular Diseases Child Cross-Sectional Studies Female Health Status Disparities Humans Income Male Prevalence Risk Assessment Risk Factors Socioeconomic Factors Young Adult

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• Keywords:
  Adolescents Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Disparities Trends
• Source:
  Pediatrics. 142(5)
• Pubmed ID:
  30333131
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC8686166
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/
• Place as Subject:
  United States
• Volume:
  142
• Issue:
  5
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:0eaa3a3d4520019403876bcd180c3b9f4d263900059015796dc9f547f8d8c70f
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/112811/cdc_112811_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.05 MB ]