When CDC was established in 1946 (as the Communicable Disease Center), the U.S. Public Health Service borrowed statistical Methods developed by Florence Nightingale and Edwin Chadwick, who had applied these techniques to implement sanitary measures in London (2). Based on William Farr's use of statistical induction to analyze death rates (3), Karl Pearson's creation of goodness-of-fit tests and correlation Methods, and Bradford Hill's development of guidelines for establishing causal relationships (4), Nightingale employed statistics in her efforts to reform the British military health-care system through the founding of training programs and definition of sound professional Standards (5).
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Content Notes:
Introduction -- The 1960s -- The 1970s -- The 1980s -- The 1990s -- The 2000s -- The Future of statistics.
October 7, 2011 | MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report ; v. 60, suppl
Description:
Alexander Langmuir became the first Chief Epidemiologist at CDC (then called the Communicable Disease Center) in 1949. One of his many enduring contri...
October 7, 2011 | MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report ; v. 60, suppl
Description:
As an Epidemiology bulletin, MMWR has unique strengths and attributes. These include weekly publication (highlighting timeliness and frequency of repo...
October 7, 2011 | MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report ; v. 60, suppl
Description:
MMWR was established to disseminate the results of public health Surveillance and owes much of its existence to the founder of modern Surveillance, Wi...
October 7, 2011 | MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report ; v. 60, suppl
Description:
Injuries and violence are widespread in society. Unintentional injuries and injuries caused by acts of violence are among the top 10 killers of U.S. r...
October 7, 2011 | MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report ; v. 60, suppl
Description:
Alexander Langmuir, founder of the CDC Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS), was quoted in the early 1960s instructing incoming EIS officers that the o...
October 7, 2011 | MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report ; v. 60, suppl
Description:
In the 50 years since MMWR became a responsibility of CDC, understanding has been enhanced of Diseases now prevented by vaccines, many new vaccines ha...
October 7, 2011 | MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report ; v. 60, suppl
Description:
The MMWR description of five cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) among homosexual men in Los Angeles was the first published report about an...
October 7, 2011 | MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report ; v. 60, suppl
Description:
The year 2011 marks the 50th anniversary of CDC's publication of MMWR. It also marks the 24th anniversary of the National Center for Health Statistics...
October 7, 2011 | MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report ; v. 60, suppl
Description:
Since 1946, CDC has provided rapid assistance to states, federal agencies, international organizations, and ministries of health, often through formal...
October 7, 2011 | MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report ; v. 60, suppl
Description:
This supplement of MMWR celebrates the 50th anniversary of CDC's first publication of MMWR on January 13, 1961 (Figure 1). MMWR was not new in 1961, b...
October 7, 2011 | MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report ; v. 60, suppl
Description:
As MMWR celebrates its 50th year at CDC, a review of MMWR articles provides evidence that CDC's global activities have become firmly established as pa...
October 7, 2011 | MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report ; v. 60, suppl
Description:
The roots of modern public health Surveillance took hold in 17th century Europe (1), but the seed for CDC's role as America's national agency for coll...
October 7, 2011 | MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report ; v. 60, suppl
Description:
During the past century in the United States, advances in public health and health care have increased life expectancy by approximately 30 years and l...
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