Cadmium, Lead, and Depressive Symptoms.

Details

• Alternative Title:
  J Clin Psychiatry
• Personal Author:
  Buser, Melanie C. ; Scinicariello, Franco
• Description:
  Background:
  
  Several studies have noted an association between tobacco smoke and depression. Cadmium and lead are neurotoxicant components of tobacco smoke. The objective of the present study is to investigate the potential association between BCd and BPb with current depressive symptoms in the US adult population.
  
  Methods:
  
  We conducted cross-sectional analyses of adult participants (≥20 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2012 (n=3905). Multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze the association between blood cadmium (BCd) and blood lead (BPb) with depressive symptoms; analyses were also stratified on sex and age groups (20–47 years old, and, 48 and older) Presence or absence of depressive symptoms was determined using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) module.
  
  Results:
  
  Individuals in the highest quartile of BCd had higher odds of having depressive symptoms (OR=1.68; 95% CL: 1.12, 2.51). This association was found only in male participants, and more specifically, in younger adult male participants (20–47 years). We found that BPb, cigarette smoking, and obesity were associated with depressive symptoms in younger female adults.
  
  Conclusion:
  
  In this study, we report associations between BCd and BPb with current depressive symptoms that were modified by age and sex. Reverse causation cannot be ruled out as a possible explanation since depression may lead to behavioral changes that increase exposure to cadmium and lead (i.e. tobacco smoke). The continued efforts at reducing cadmium through tobacco smoking cessation programs may decrease the prevalence of current depressive symptoms.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Adult Cadmium Cross-Sectional Studies Depressive Disorder Female Humans Lead Male Middle Aged Nutrition Surveys Odds Ratio Risk Factors Smoking Smoking Cessation

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• Source:
  J Clin Psychiatry. 78(5):e515-e521
• Pubmed ID:
  27929609
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC8117117
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/
• Place as Subject:
  United States
• Volume:
  78
• Issue:
  5
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:4e1072b5c0f772c7d92bb896d00183c9917a097242edfe29baf76572c82c570b
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/106225/cdc_106225_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 107.51 KB ]