Alcohol Outlets, Neighborhood Retail Environments, and Pedestrian Injury Risk

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Alcohol Clin Exp Res
• Personal Author:
  Nesoff, Elizabeth D. ; Milam, Adam J. ; Branas, Charles C. ; Martins, Silvia S. ; Knowlton, Amy R. ; Furr-Holden, Debra M.
• Description:
  Background:
  
  Alcohol outlet density has been associated with increased pedestrian injury risk. It is unclear whether this is because alcohol outlets are located in dense retail areas with heavy pedestrian traffic or whether alcohol outlets contribute a unique neighborhood risk. We aimed to compare the pedestrian injury rate around alcohol outlets to the rate around other, similar retail outlets that do not sell alcohol.
  
  Methods:
  
  A spatial analysis was conducted on census block groups in Baltimore City. Data included pedestrian injury EMS records from January 1, 2014, to April 15, 2015 (n=848); locations of alcohol outlets licensed for off-premise (n=726) and on-premise consumption (n=531); and corner (n=398) and convenience stores (n=192) that do not sell alcohol. Negative binomial regression was used to determine the relationship between retail outlet count and pedestrian injuries, controlling for key confounding variables. Spatial autocorrelation was also assessed and variable selection adjusted accordingly.
  
  Results:
  
  Each additional off-premise alcohol outlet was associated with a 12.3% increase in the rate of neighborhood pedestrian injury when controlling for convenience and corner stores and other confounders (IRR=1.123, 95%CI=(1.065, 1.184), p<0.001). The attributable risk was 4.9% (95% CI=(0.3%,8.9%)) or 41 additional injuries. On-premise alcohol outlets were not significant predictors of neighborhood pedestrian injury rate in multivariable models (IRR=0.972, 95%CI=(0.940, 1.004), p=0.194).
  
  Conclusion:
  
  Off-premise alcohol outlets are associated with pedestrian injury rate, even when controlling for other types of retail outlets. Findings reinforce the importance of alcohol outlets in understanding neighborhood pedestrian injury risk and may provide evidence for informing policy on liquor store licensing, zoning, and enforcement.
• Subjects:
  • Article
  • alcohol outlets
  • alcohol availability
  • pedestrian injury
  • spatial analysis
  • neighborhood
  • Accidents, Traffic
  • Alcohol Drinking
  • Alcoholic Beverages
  • Baltimore
  More +
• Source:
  Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 42(10):1979-1987
• Pubmed ID:
  30102415
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC6167150
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  R34 DA034314/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; T32 DA031099/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; F31 AA023716/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States ; R49 CE003094/CE/NCIPC CDC HHS/United States ; R01 AA024941/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
• Volume:
  42
• Issue:
  10
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/104171/cdc_104171_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 294.97 KB]
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:6c8719c37f954e0a795b20643d3dea1db7a7e0647f8beb7dab6eb79bc3552842