Characterization of Acrylonitrile Exposure in the United States based on Urinary N-Acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-L-cysteine (2CYEMA): NHANES 2011–2016

Details

• Alternative Title:
  J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol
• Personal Author:
  De Jesús, Víctor R. ; Zhang, Luyu ; Bhandari, Deepak ; Zhu, Wanzhe ; Chang, Joanne T. ; Blount, Benjamin C.
• Description:
  Background:
  
  Acrylonitrile is a possible human carcinogen that is used in polymers and formed in tobacco smoke. We assessed acrylonitrile exposure in the US population by measuring its urinary metabolites N-acetyl-S-(4-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-L-cysteine (2CYEMA) and N-acetyl-S-(1-cyano-2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine (1CYHEMA) in participants from the 2011–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
  
  Objective:
  
  To assessed acrylonitrile exposure using population-based biomonitoring data of the US civilian, non-institutionalized population.
  
  Methods:
  
  Laboratory data for 8,057 participants were reported for 2CYEMA and 1CYHEMA using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography / tandem mass spectrometry. Exclusive tobacco smokers were distinguished from non-users using a combination of self-reporting and serum cotinine data. We used multiple linear regression models to fit 2CYEMA concentrations with sex, age, race/Hispanic origin, and tobacco user group as predictor variables.
  
  Results:
  
  The median 2CYEMA level was higher for exclusive cigarette smokers (145 μg/g creatinine) than for non-users (1.38 μg/g creatinine). Compared to unexposed individuals (serum cotinine ≤ 0.015 ng/ml) and controlling for confounders, presumptive second-hand tobacco smoke exposure (serum cotinine > 0.015 – ≤ 10 ng/ml and 0 cigarettes per day, CPD) was significantly associated with 36% higher 2CYEMA levels (p <0.0001). Smoking 1–10 CPD was significantly associated with 6,720% higher 2CYEMA levels (p <0.0001).
  
  Significance:
  
  We show that tobacco smoke is an important source of acrylonitrile exposure in the US population and provide important biomonitoring data on acrylonitrile exposure.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Acrylonitrile Biomarkers Cotinine Cysteine Humans Nutrition Surveys Smoking Tobacco Smoke Pollution United States
• Keywords:
  2CYEMA Biomonitoring NHANES Tobacco Smoke Exposure VOC Metabolites
• Source:
  J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 31(2):377-385
• Pubmed ID:
  33424026
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC7954898
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/
• Volume:
  31
• Issue:
  2
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:bb7a22ba03afd4413b43ce1b7a047102f4f6078e1ee1ac2a911a4c4fc18279b39383d97fee8e050812d9e0678eeac3475fba208eee441679d6618649d34ab45b
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/104110/cdc_104110_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 428.50 KB ]