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Prevalence and trends in HIV infection and testing among adults in the United States: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1999–2018
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4 15 2021
Source: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 86(5):523-529 -
Alternative Title:J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
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Personal Author:
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Description:Background
HIV antibody testing has been included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, for ages 18–49 since 1999 and for ages 18–59 years since 2009 enabling estimation of trends in HIV prevalence as part of national surveillance in the U.S. household population. Self-reported HIV testing and antiretroviral (ARV) use was also included in the survey since 1999.
Setting
A continuous household-based probability sample of the U.S. population.
Methods
From 1999–2018, 29,020 participants age 18–49 years were tested for HIV antibody and 34,092 participants age 18–59 years were asked about self-report of any previous HIV testing.
Results
HIV prevalence was 0.41% among those aged 18–59 in 2009–2018 with a non-significant trend over time among those aged 18–49 years from 1999–2002 to 2015–2018. However, significant declines in prevalence were seen among those aged 18–39 years (0.37% to 0.11%), women (0.22% to 0.06%) and non-Hispanic black persons (2.14% to 0.80%). Participants age aged 18–39 self-reported a decline in HIV testing while those aged 40–49 and 50–59 years, non-Hispanic black persons and women reported an increase in getting a HIV test. Prevalence of infection and self-reported history of HIV testing varied by demographic and risk groups. HIV testing among HIV positive persons was 83.9%. ARV therapy among those HIV positive was under 50%.
Conclusion
Though total HIV prevalence and previous self-reported HIV testing remained stable for the last 20 years, there were significant declines in age and demographic subgroups. Prevalence for both outcomes varied by demographic and risk variables.
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Pubmed ID:33399312
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Pubmed Central ID:PMC7933054
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