Household Transmission of Seasonal Influenza From HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Individuals in South Africa, 2013–2014

Details

• Alternative Title:
  J Infect Dis
• Personal Author:
  Cohen, Cheryl ; Tshangela, Akhona ; Valley-Omar, Ziyaad ; Iyengar, Preetha ; von Mollendorf, Claire ; Walaza, Sibongile ; Hellferscee, Orienka ; Venter, Marietjie ; Martinson, Neil ; Mahlase, Gethwana ; McMorrow, Meredith ; Cowling, Benjamin J. ; Treurnicht, Florette K. ; Cohen, Adam L. ; Tempia, Stefano
• Description:
  Background.
  
  We estimated the household secondary infection risk (SIR) and serial interval (SI) for influenza transmission from HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected index cases.
  
  Methods.
  
  Index cases were the first symptomatic person in a household with influenza-like illness, testing influenza positive on real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Nasopharyngeal swabs collected from household contacts every 4 days were tested by rRT-PCR. Factors associated with SIR were evaluated using logistic regression.
  
  Results.
  
  We enrolled 28 HIV-infected and 57 HIV-uninfected index cases. On multivariable analysis, HIV-infected index cases were less likely to transmit influenza to household contacts (odds ratio [OR] 0.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1–0.6; SIR 16%, 18/113 vs 27%, 59/220). Factors associated with increased SIR included index age group 1–4 years (OR 3.6; 95% CI, 1.2–11.3) and 25–44 years (OR 8.0; 95% CI, 1.8–36.7), and contact age group 1–4 years (OR 3.5; 95% CI, 1.2–10.3) compared to 5–14 years, and sleeping with index case (OR 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3–5.5). HIV infection of index case was not associated with SI.
  
  Conclusions.
  
  HIV-infection was not associated with SI. Increased infectiousness of HIV-infected individuals is likely not an important driver of community influenza transmission.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Adolescent Adult Aged Child Child, Preschool Family Characteristics Female HIV Infections Humans Infant Influenza, Human Influenza A Virus Influenza B Virus Male Middle Aged Risk Factors South Africa Young Adult

  More +
• Keywords:
  HIV Household Influenza Transmission
• Source:
  J Infect Dis. 219(10):1605-1615
• Pubmed ID:
  30541140
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC7804374
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  U01 IP001048/IP/NCIRD CDC HHSUnited States/ ; U51 IP000155/IP/NCIRD CDC HHSUnited States/ ; U51 IP000528/IP/NCIRD CDC HHSUnited States/
• Volume:
  219
• Issue:
  10
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:781c926eb73c57469af692a99d5cc49f4a2c76ae69303c95c2ca9996574ece07
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/101204/cdc_101204_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 651.11 KB ]