U.S. flag An official website of the United States government.
Official websites use .gov

A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS

A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

CDC Stacks Public Health Publications

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducts research and makes recommendations for preventing work-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths. For more information, visit https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/index.html.

(1)
(320)
(847)
(1111)
(1286)
(1663)
(1923)
(2675)
(2174)
(2174)
(2202)
(2025)
(2294)
(2195)
(2187)
(1953)
(1953)
(1863)
(1812)
(1891)
(1851)
(2014)
(1833)
(1770)
(1792)
(1618)
(1440)
(1339)
(1049)
(1126)
(1101)
(945)
(1158)
(1313)
(1239)
(1325)
(1190)
(1403)
(1035)
(1171)
(1174)
(1210)
(1053)
(1184)
(1312)
(1467)
(1471)
(1458)
(1275)
(1229)
(1333)
(1434)
(1233)
(1062)
(1077)
(826)
(603)
(527)
(112)
(50)
(32)
(40)
(31)
(34)
(23)
(13)
(6)
(7)
(6)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(36)
0 of 93
(1)
(588)
(12)
(2)
(122)
(1)
(85)
(2)
(13)
(1)
(182)
(57)
(5)
(49)
(36)
(4)
(7)
(1088)
(18)
(483)
(5)
(80827)
(1)
(4)
0 of 24
(2)
(5)
(948)
(769)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(922)
(261)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(237)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(153)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(116)
(1)
(8)
(6)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6296)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(7)
(2)
(426)
(1)
(28)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3778)
(5)
(2)
(1)
(10)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1001)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(129)
(3)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(98)
(1)
(1)
(39)
(1)
(113)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2785)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(5)
(2)
(2021)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2947)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(38)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(167)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(408)
(1)
(2388)
(1107)
(4)
(1849)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(250)
(1)
(7)
(102)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1597)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(769)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(304)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5127)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(4234)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2718)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2172)
(1)
(257)
(1)
(1)
(1186)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(396)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(673)
(1)
(612)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(234)
(1233)
(2)
(613)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(5014)
(17)
(1)
(13)
(4)
(95)
(7)
(209)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(6)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2868)
(1)
(137)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(16371)
(1)
(534)
(2)
(1)
(1516)
(3)
(2)
(5564)
(5886)
(26834)
(10212)
(23664)
(4373)
(3614)
(1)
(5686)
(7505)
(7292)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(9898)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(13)
(2)
(562)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(8)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(7)
(102)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(171)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(5)
(356)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(499)
(199)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(661)
(1)
(2685)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(18)
(1)
(1)
(991)
(1)
(1)
(1442)
(1)
(2)
(216)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1919)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(5325)
(14)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(11911)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1431)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(81)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(309)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
0 of 750
(47)
(1)
(29)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(813)
(2)
(1)
(6)
(282)
(3607)
(1)
(808)
(2061)
(6)
(1)
(3857)
(587)
(11)
(1)
(17292)
(1)
(5)
(22)
(1)
(1)
(112)
(152)
(4782)
(132)
(31)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(16)
(4)
(1)
(3)
(24)
(16)
(16)
(50)
(4)
(559)
0 of 45
(1)
(1)
(1)
(24)
(48)
(57)
(125)
(24)
(8)
(86)
(153)
(75)
(26)
(11)
(1)
(661)
(1)
(44)
(19)
(41)
(3)
(86)
(44)
(29)
(2539)
(1)
(6)
(21)
(1179)
(15)
(130)
(14)
(31)
(632)
(4)
(10)
(3)
(20)
(1)
(1)
(2811)
(40)
(174)
(7)
(8)
(4)
(2575)
(81)
(5)
(4)
(154)
(2224)
(239)
(4)
(108)
(32)
(199)
(182)
(1)
(1)
(221)
(221)
(8)
(61)
(2)
(117)
(1)
0 of 67
(68)
(6)
(5258)
(1421)
(9)
(5)
(6043)
(4)
(9164)
(15)
(7)
(19)
(44)
(32)
(38)
(27)
(74)
(216)
(4)
(160)
(75)
(6)
(27)
(4)
(7)
(109)
(5)
(779)
(26)
(12)
(6)
(2148)
(52)
(1936)
(1989)
(12)
(4612)
(9)
(62)
(7)
(747)
(9)
(5250)
(1312)
(2567)
(52)
(10)
(329)
(7)
(21)
(246)
(169)
(36)
(10)
(34)
(278)
(23)
(402)
(34)
(24)
(164)
(66)
(52)
(6)
(4)
(18)
(55)
(157)
(11)
(39)
(171)
(3235)
(61)
(18)
(81)
(5)
(225)
(157)
(41)
(90)
(5)
(238)
(4)
(4)
(265)
(15)
(5)
(12)
(995)
(6)
(1273)
(1283)
(39)
(113)
(4)
(6)
(258)
(12)
(2029)
(53)
(25)
(7)
(4)
(6)
(7)
(227)
(202)
(1875)
(7)
(208)
(4)
(14)
(26)
(4)
(7)
(234)
(112)
(24)
(547)
(362)
(371)
(6)
(153)
(116)
(19)
(1267)
(1303)
(4)
(246)
(10)
(20)
(4)
(1741)
(216)
(143)
(94)
(4)
(70)
(357)
(12)
(6)
(4)
(23)
(23)
(63)
(6)
(6)
(4)
(61)
(9)
(221)
(65)
(190)
(41)
(69)
(4)
(183)
(4)
(25)
(13)
(190)
(4)
(35)
(12)
(77)
(4)
(32)
(12)
(127)
(9)
(248)
(5)
(5)
(2138)
(4)
(1575)
(1938)
(551)
(7)
(68)
(29)
(52)
(4)
(418)
(28)
(4)
(4)
(96)
(5)
(4)
(37)
(8)
(73)
(2814)
(498)
(35)
(5)
(24)
(12)
(115)
(253)
(7)
(6)
(10)
(64)
(27)
(339)
(21)
(282)
(151)
(263)
(4)
(322)
(5)
(109)
(62)
(6)
(3919)
(3546)
(49)
(25)
(5)
(39)
(23)
(802)
(89)
(5)
(53)
(210)
(12)
(167)
(1844)
(144)
(160)
(263)
(4)
(540)
(393)
(40)
(4494)
(533)
(5)
(45)
(215)
(26)
(78)
(9)
(111)
(51)
(70)
(32)
(4)
(31)
(60)
(4)
(479)
(25)
(4)
(52)
(7)
(72)
(8)
(195)
(521)
(187)
(9)
(172)
(8)
(163)
(5)
(10)
(321)
(18)
(6)
(4)
(587)
(6)
(2002)
(19)
(165)
(7)
(673)
(44)
(33)
(34)
(6)
(73)
(683)
(4)
(308)
(362)
(311)
(85)
(4)
(332)
(40)
(7)
(8)
(33)
(4)
(50)
(4)
(251)
(4)
(5)
(34)
(34)
(56)
(12)
(8)
(10)
(173)
(7055)
(25)
(640)
(21)
(8)
(8)
(25)
(336)
(2520)
(5)
(44)
(756)
(8)
(404)
(1114)
(26)
(60)
(206)
(4)
(4)
(87)
(46)
(16)
(888)
(5)
(2376)
(5)
(369)
(6)
(52)
(398)
(52)
(313)
(1071)
(23)
(1976)
(480)
(5)
(4864)
(5)
(1379)
(7)
(7028)
(16)
(1647)
(7)
(530)
(8)
(9)
(5483)
(5)
(30)
(117)
(6)
(15)
(26)
(9)
(2446)
(47)
(64)
(13)
(37)
(4)
(72)
(5)
(13)
(5)
(8)
(26)
(85)
(4)
(9)
(9)
(865)
(186)
(6)
(7)
(476)
(111)
(254)
(18)
(4)
(777)
(2428)
(4)
(8)
(654)
(705)
(21)
(24)
(17)
(7)
(367)
(39)
(67)
(349)
(284)
(4)
(15)
(4)
(2063)
(1465)
(123)
(34)
(22)
(56)
(5)
(7)
(42)
(20)
(39)
(8)
(4)
(4)
(103)
(49)
(455)
(588)
(11)
(405)
(628)
(349)
(4)
(166)
(11)
(6)
(304)
(27)
(672)
(119)
(5)
(21)
(15)
(10)
(5)
(6)
(5)
(4)
(1217)
(43)
(653)
(214)
(5)
(4)
(57)
(139)
(75)
(7)
(65)
(84)
(10)
(18)
(116)
(7)
(16)
(4)
(5)
(6881)
(56)
(54)
(10)
(2462)
(17)
(4)
(14)
(10)
(3481)
(16)
(14)
(1503)
(5)
(5)
(7)
(11)
(8)
(171)
(333)
(945)
(1222)
(1258)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(50)
(595)
(5)
(6)
(519)
(897)
(32)
(22)
(5)
(4)
(202)
(38)
(14)
(42)
(96)
(7)
(58)
(61)
(156)
(11)
(6)
(7)
(248)
(962)
(58)
(15)
(31)
(343)
(510)
(6)
(1191)
(12)
(23)
(10)
(6)
(16)
(46)
(5)
(1620)
(4)
(7)
(32)
(5)
(1480)
(4)
(4)
(17)
(18)
(21)
(14)
(56)
(4)
(5)
(20)
(4)
(34)
(22)
(8)
(13)
(126)
(4)
(38)
(532)
(9)
(5)
(59)
(1161)
(5)
(5)
(4)
(77)
(1531)
(75)
(76)
(7)
(1403)
(418)
(6)
(13)
(133)
(49)
(5483)
(7)
(690)
(1154)
(371)
(6)
(195)
(5)
(233)
(349)
(369)
(9)
(75)
(8)
(5)
(49)
(5435)
(3940)
(4)
(10)
(9)
(60)
(7)
(132)
(8)
(21)
(124)
(362)
(10)
(246)
(19)
(4691)
(26)
(102)
(11)
(160)
(18)
(28)
(31)
(41)
(2681)
(32)
(378)
(2912)
(208)
(5)
(1077)
(7)
(2747)
(846)
(31)
(62)
(10)
(433)
(23)
(13)
(20)
(6)
(40)
(6)
(27)
(12)
(1110)
(9)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(29)
(792)
(19)
(10081)
(111)
(11)
(911)
(8)
(3911)
(6)
(9)
(5)
(122)
(8)
(3257)
(5)
(3364)
(351)
(74)
(50)
(171)
(65)
(28)
(26)
(9)
(21)
(38)
(44)
(10)
(17)
(14)
(7)
(206)
(3283)
(15)
(3280)
(869)
(121)
(213)
(85)
(55)
(41)
(75)
(171)
(40)
(112)
(5)
(40)
(24)
(2258)
(1598)
(6)
(8)
(5)
(12)
(172)
(27)
(5)
(197)
(122)
(51)
(10)
(8)
(5)
(6)
(1263)
(6)
(22)
(9752)
(31)
(39)
(35)
(80781)
(20)
(1136)
(8)
(5)
(21)
(14)
(6)
(6)
(310)
(38)
(5)
(313)
(5)
(127)
(9)
(131)
(125)
(630)
(96)
(7)
(86)
(11)
(6)
(5039)
(385)
(7)
(9)
(29)
(41)
(7)
(6489)
(5)
(14)
(216)
(34)
(5)
(102)
(156)
(15)
(89)
(52)
(31)
(94)
(6)
(8)
(6)
(456)
(29)
(78)
(11)
(5)
(7)
(12)
(738)
(9)
(179)
(522)
(203)
(10)
(40)
(56)
(21)
(49)
(8)
(9)
(8)
(5)
(14)
(34)
(28)
(50)
(1379)
(588)
(11)
(11)
(716)
(230)
(71)
(15)
(9)
(37)
(12)
(1366)
(35)
(1673)
(15)
(6)
(19)
(5)
(35)
(18)
(33)
(5)
(361)
(423)
(15)
(1362)
(1340)
(132)
(272)
(165)
(164)
(13)
(189)
(11)
(447)
(11)
(44)
(78)
(20)
(7)
(6)
(111)
(20)
(18)
(5)
(21)
(5)
(7)
(7)
(45)
(5)
(6)
(793)
(384)
(2169)
(7949)
(7245)
(7)
(8)
(5)
(7992)
(6323)
(11)
(15)
(191)
(6)
(7)
(80492)
(4759)
(12)
(8)
(61)
(5)
(79)
(1503)
(152)
(901)
(57)
(1160)
(9)
(546)
(220)
(8)
(83)
(1733)
(120)
(61)
(2403)
(389)
(860)
(7)
(753)
(622)
(296)
(382)
(6)
(988)
(17)
(13)
(27)
(1154)
(2143)
(34)
(9)
(183)
(89)
(18)
(10)
(5419)
(15)
(5)
(29)
(11)
(146)
(1644)
(167)
(178)
(152)
(51)
(62)
(166)
(52)
(35)
(106)
(3250)
(5)
(10)
(32)
(7)
(14)
(840)
(205)
(37)
(410)
(10)
(8)
(15)
(19)
(23)
(100)
(5)
(758)
(262)
(10)
(1848)
(30)
(5)
(781)
(7)
(7)
(62)
(44)
(14)
(111)
(32)
(136)
(31)
(17)
(139)
(9)
(16)
(680)
(903)
(1341)
(22)
(13)
(9)
(25)
(50)
(7)
(937)
(3146)
(115)
(5)
(726)
(54)
(457)
(6)
(590)
(7)
(7)
(5)
(37)
(66)
(6)
(312)
(62)
(23)
(31)
(360)
(5)
(131)
(12)
(710)
(103)
(3094)
(312)
(8)
(17)
(11)
(5)
(30)
(6)
(259)
(9172)
(26)
(47)
(121)
(13)
(7)
(88)
(15)
(8)
0 of 1000
(76)
(66)
(38)
(49)
(38)
(51)
(50)
(113)
(79)
(93)
(63)
(38)
(46)
(36)
(51)
(110)
(56)
(247)
(60)
(83)
(277)
(86)
(106)
(43)
(57)
(138)
(126)
(48)
(37)
(44)
(73)
(42)
(36)
(44)
(98)
(72)
(38)
(39)
(226)
(42)
(38)
(69)
(71)
(64)
(122)
(54)
(77)
(62)
(37)
(151)
(143)
(52)
(51)
(43)
(63)
(68)
(36)
(49)
(70)
(50)
(52)
(45)
(62)
(173)
(63)
(39)
(59)
(38)
(88)
(39)
(41)
(69)
(60)
(50)
(45)
(54)
(55)
(38)
(105)
(123)
(43)
(61)
(69)
(53)
(80)
(69)
(53)
(42)
(80)
(58)
(147)
(43)
(45)
(99)
(37)
(46)
(88)
(47)
(92)
(37)
(45)
(85)
(78)
(37)
(37)
(55)
(38)
(66)
(44)
(38)
(55)
(84)
(45)
(59)
(83)
(159)
(62)
(42)
(129)
(84)
(40)
(96)
(108)
(61)
(70)
(47)
(78)
(64)
(179)
(36)
(44)
(38)
(40)
(99)
(43)
(60)
(73)
(69)
(926)
(88)
(48)
(39)
(48)
(189)
(47)
(36)
(61)
(60)
(36)
(129)
(101)
(71)
(72)
(39)
(147)
(39)
(88)
(75)
(41)
(43)
(37)
(109)
(37)
(39)
(47)
(251)
(59)
(77)
(126)
(36)
(41)
(93)
(44)
(41)
(41)
(57)
(140)
(66)
(45)
(135)
(59)
(55)
(49)
(58)
(64)
(38)
(48)
(37)
(48)
(56)
(147)
(46)
(72)
(38)
(38)
(55)
(72)
(143)
(37)
(103)
(84)
(53)
(119)
(43)
(88)
(84)
(38)
(36)
(42)
(57)
(82)
(42)
(51)
(82)
(47)
(41)
(58)
(41)
(79)
(47)
(53)
(66)
(175)
(48)
(39)
(157)
(49)
(37)
(46)
(98)
(61)
(59)
(126)
(41)
(80)
(71)
(226)
(100)
(51)
(122)
(41)
(39)
(55)
(42)
(37)
(48)
(40)
(77)
(84)
(142)
(44)
(56)
(171)
(58)
(38)
(45)
(42)
(167)
(40)
(48)
(36)
(76)
(119)
(71)
(39)
(86)
(58)
(41)
(39)
(55)
(69)
(55)
(56)
(213)
(155)
(40)
(62)
(75)
(89)
(41)
(52)
(88)
(83)
(41)
(43)
(87)
(85)
(56)
(54)
(65)
(47)
(55)
(62)
(81)
(208)
(49)
(73)
(61)
(47)
(183)
(38)
(38)
(45)
(46)
(105)
(43)
(82)
(93)
(44)
(85)
(40)
(46)
(62)
(53)
(48)
(44)
(97)
(39)
(65)
(56)
(49)
(69)
(43)
(42)
(150)
(44)
(46)
(54)
(45)
(125)
(39)
(60)
(74)
(85)
(200)
(250)
(83)
(87)
(37)
(257)
(78)
(97)
(65)
(175)
(37)
(92)
(78)
(55)
(44)
(89)
(62)
(60)
(112)
(37)
(36)
(134)
(77)
(63)
(44)
(252)
(38)
(66)
(40)
(89)
(117)
(76)
(56)
(37)
(108)
(78)
(156)
(68)
(39)
(198)
(43)
(86)
(59)
(46)
(62)
(54)
(38)
(49)
(61)
(44)
(88)
(49)
(51)
(51)
(43)
(97)
(49)
(46)
(93)
(121)
(109)
(92)
(46)
(47)
(167)
(72)
(63)
(48)
(83)
(125)
(43)
(44)
(102)
(45)
(56)
(44)
(38)
(63)
(44)
(75)
(78)
(94)
(51)
(95)
(38)
(82)
(209)
(65)
(59)
(77)
(37)
(108)
(240)
(51)
(44)
(104)
(67)
(55)
(48)
(46)
(45)
(53)
(47)
(39)
(82)
(47)
(49)
(54)
(38)
(59)
(49)
(63)
(71)
(41)
(70)
(92)
(159)
(45)
(56)
(71)
(67)
(61)
(78)
(54)
(59)
(51)
(108)
(37)
(63)
(250)
(80)
(40)
(49)
(39)
(40)
(42)
(98)
(40)
(106)
(46)
(91)
(131)
(39)
(91)
(55)
(74)
(51)
(46)
(70)
(37)
(82)
(44)
(98)
(40)
(75)
(42)
(55)
(54)
(155)
(39)
(61)
(43)
(65)
(59)
(60)
(84)
(181)
(45)
(45)
(120)
(235)
(63)
(101)
(44)
(79)
(61)
(67)
(95)
(38)
(87)
(71)
(70)
(96)
(71)
(68)
(56)
(44)
(122)
(55)
(68)
(49)
(75)
(57)
(76)
(47)
(44)
(106)
(56)
(46)
(160)
(45)
(44)
(37)
(40)
(58)
(64)
(116)
(41)
(59)
(46)
(68)
(37)
(51)
(55)
(44)
(42)
(49)
(127)
(63)
(48)
(54)
(88)
(79)
(45)
(76)
(103)
(59)
(54)
(37)
(80)
(84)
(45)
(70)
(63)
(46)
(58)
(40)
(108)
(53)
(102)
(78)
(55)
(177)
(40)
(38)
(115)
(108)
(70)
(61)
(40)
(49)
(155)
(96)
(95)
(37)
(90)
(47)
(38)
(97)
(61)
(38)
(67)
(65)
(48)
(201)
(84)
(51)
(48)
(44)
(69)
(81)
(54)
(37)
(37)
(46)
(52)
(188)
(44)
(41)
(104)
(41)
(51)
(85)
(58)
(40)
(44)
(42)
(41)
(59)
(171)
(68)
(37)
(43)
(86)
(46)
(52)
(40)
(54)
(43)
(50)
(38)
(38)
(93)
(43)
(43)
(49)
(122)
(39)
(53)
(47)
(56)
(152)
(44)
(74)
(262)
(47)
(49)
(57)
(56)
(217)
(144)
(45)
(130)
(164)
(42)
(45)
(98)
(68)
(39)
(48)
(66)
(38)
(41)
(37)
(58)
(65)
(77)
(134)
(63)
(51)
(45)
(155)
(49)
(79)
(69)
(122)
(53)
(149)
(41)
(52)
(51)
(49)
(39)
(105)
(37)
(37)
(42)
(93)
(162)
(46)
(40)
(43)
(166)
(60)
(153)
(58)
(38)
(37)
(119)
(40)
(101)
(58)
(48)
(49)
(41)
(111)
(61)
(71)
(44)
(46)
(43)
(42)
(41)
(58)
(151)
(42)
(42)
(64)
(84)
(53)
(53)
(110)
(43)
(78)
(103)
(41)
(109)
(59)
(132)
(67)
(54)
(53)
(96)
(46)
(119)
(78)
(68)
(47)
(230)
(39)
(57)
(40)
(59)
(172)
(52)
(68)
(92)
(57)
(276)
(43)
(43)
(38)
(37)
(99)
(40)
(90)
(82)
(85)
(43)
(92)
(39)
(172)
(68)
(99)
(51)
(69)
(65)
(49)
(78)
(125)
(124)
(37)
(71)
(52)
(39)
(40)
(71)
(68)
(45)
(89)
(158)
(49)
(70)
(288)
(40)
(53)
(53)
(52)
(189)
(57)
(53)
(114)
(40)
(42)
(37)
(46)
(43)
(67)
(44)
(95)
(227)
(42)
(79)
(39)
(227)
(71)
(161)
(46)
(82)
(49)
(87)
(55)
(95)
(62)
(39)
(43)
(65)
(44)
(45)
(102)
(114)
(50)
(78)
(122)
(51)
(54)
(109)
(55)
(46)
(40)
(40)
(55)
(51)
(79)
(90)
(58)
(52)
(54)
(37)
(50)
(95)
(96)
(59)
(222)
(232)
(38)
(52)
(170)
(37)
(62)
(70)
(43)
(37)
(98)
(158)
(46)
(55)
(49)
(57)
(52)
(89)
(62)
(42)
(60)
(96)
(58)
(53)
(43)
(55)
(59)
(87)
(92)
(40)
(40)
(78)
(104)
(234)
(99)
(55)
(63)
(101)
(71)
(55)
(54)
(69)
(103)
(107)
(46)
(37)
(121)
(61)
(69)
(85)
(39)
(58)
(61)
(289)
(59)
(42)
(72)
(42)
(194)
(121)
(86)
(105)
(115)
(37)
(59)
(70)
(81)
(46)
(88)
(189)
(41)
(41)
(117)
(59)
(51)
(55)
(50)
(63)
(71)
(43)
(48)
(84)
(137)
(52)
(48)
(85)
(38)
(105)
(68)
(68)
(51)
(138)
(37)
(128)
(59)
(40)
(108)
(76)
(48)
(60)
(45)
(73)
(47)
(106)
(64)
(46)
(59)
(45)
(45)
(182)
(86)
(82)
(58)
(47)
(38)
(40)
(61)
(76)
(54)
(81)
(45)
(42)
(50)
(71)
(99)
(89)
(97)
(119)
(64)
(54)
(49)
(39)
(64)
(43)
(98)
(99)
(51)
(40)
(53)
(46)
(59)
(50)
(45)
(80)
(137)
(38)
(43)
(82)
(71)
(54)
(44)
(39)
(52)
0 of 1000
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(11)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(65)
(6)
(1)
(64)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(55)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(2)
(12)
(1)
(605)
(1)
(1)
(77)
(53)
(18)
(12)
(270)
(69)
(85)
(2)
(125)
(117)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(21)
(1)
(49)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(67)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(48)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(57)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(15)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(8)
(35)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(9)
(2)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(5)
(105)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(31)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(31)
(12)
(2)
(2)
(7)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(19)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(20)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(14)
(14)
(2)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(220)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(3)
(23)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(134)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(230)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(11)
(2)
(1)
(13)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(29)
(21)
(1)
(2)
(21)
(217)
(4)
(246)
(52)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(228)
(49)
(53)
(1)
(210)
(2)
(1)
(5)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(184)
(187)
(2)
(47)
(47)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(35)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(15)
(1)
(6)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(53)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(14)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(8936)
(4)
(18)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(47)
(8)
(8)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(35)
(3)
(1)
(234)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(22)
(23)
(3)
(9)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(315)
(2)
(739)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(3)
(19)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(110)
(1)
(2)
(36)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(6)
(1)
(4)
(124)
(13)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(17)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(7)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(77)
(29)
(33)
(59)
(18)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(211)
(24)
(1)
(186)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(16)
(1)
(24)
(30)
(30)
(32)
(1)
(65)
(1)
(62)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(4)
(10)
(10)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(27)
(3)
(3)
(52)
(11)
(52)
(52)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(150)
(41)
(38)
(8)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(25)
(1)
(5)
(21)
(3)
(1)
(3)
(13)
(15)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(12)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(48)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1125)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(40)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(20)
(1)
(1)
(10)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(38)
(94)
(283)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(84)
(7)
(1)
(19)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(14)
(7)
(1)
(2)
(715)
(127)
(49)
(47)
(40)
(1)
(1)
(34)
(1)
(34)
(34)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(106)
(12)
(106)
(1)
(2)
(14)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(45)
(45)
(1)
(1)
0 of 756
(1)
(205)
(21)
(1)
(114)
(129)
(679)
(92)
(186)
(66)
(1)
(185)
(3)
(1)
(8)
(168)
(2485)
(1015)
(12)
(1)
(62)
(77)
(5)
(256)
(1)
(1)
(891)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(123)
(1)
(1523)
(667)
(2372)
(260)
(1)
(8015)
(482)
(1)
(3200)
(6)
(206)
(355)
(33)
(1668)
(237)
(171)
(3)
(1)
(21)
(81)
(1)
(5359)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(51)
(116)
(4)
(27)
(96)
(2)
(1040)
(5)
(27)
(13)
(1)
(727)
(5)
(4)
(855)
(1)
(3)
(29)
(1741)
(2)
(11)
(65)
(2052)
(7)
(5)
(688)
(10)
(1)
(1)
(237)
(46)
(13)
(140)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1184)
(6)
(2)
(1)
(5)
(3957)
(1932)
(64)
(428)
(795)
(269)
(1)
(15)
(413)
(7)
(313)
(602)
(530)
(2)
(1125)
(12)
(384)
(8)
(49)
(1249)
(1)
(207)
(37)
(100)
(1)
0 of 124
(2)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(6)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(13)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(6)
(9)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(12)
(2)
(51)
(540)
(2)
(7)
(4)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(175)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(5)
(32)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(6)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(13)
(1)
(3)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(4)
(22)
(3)
(6)
(7)
(2)
(1)
(7)
(9)
(1)
(4)
(41)
(1)
(9)
(6)
(12)
(8)
(1)
(6)
(2)
(19)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(5)
(8)
(1)
(4)
(4)
(33)
(5)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(25)
(4)
(1)
(12)
(3)
(8)
(3)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(15)
(4)
(6)
(29)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(55)
(54)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(10)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(1)
(6)
(4)
(286)
(624)
(7)
(18)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(20)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(8)
(4)
(2)
(11)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(3)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(6)
(8)
(5)
(8)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(19)
(3)
(3)
(7)
(3)
(6)
(3)
(4)
(7)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(15)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(4)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(32)
(1)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(27)
(1)
(20)
(1)
(3)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(19)
(1)
(7)
(5)
(4)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(64)
(7)
(44)
(34)
(7)
(14)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(11)
(30)
(2)
(8)
(7)
(3)
(5)
(1)
(39)
(13)
(1)
(33)
(1)
(110)
(4)
(1)
(4)
(3)
(1)
(12)
(3)
(32)
(1)
(1)
(10)
(1)
(9)
(1)
(16)
(4)
(41)
(1)
(14)
(1)
(2)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(39)
(5)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(6)
(8)
(22)
(9)
(84)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(17)
(3)
(109)
(313)
(3)
(3)
(26)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(14)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(20)
(7)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(6)
(7)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(17)
(10)
(3)
(15)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(11)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(3)
(12)
(3)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(5)
(1)
(5)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(11)
(6)
(49)
(10)
(21)
(5)
(1)
(7)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(55)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(9)
(7)
(33)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(19)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(8)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(24)
(2)
(26)
(2)
(36)
(2)
(8)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(11)
(3)
(12)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(7)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(2)
(8)
(4)
(13)
(7)
(2)
(3)
(6)
(2)
(8)
(3)
(29)
(15)
(6)
(2)
(4)
(6)
(5)
(3)
(10)
(2)
(7)
(12)
(10)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(9)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(4)
(11)
(3)
(10)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(2)
(6)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(8)
(5)
(13)
(2)
(2)
(6)
(8)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(7)
(8)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(64)
(11)
(4)
(2)
(15)
(23)
(2)
(10)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(2)
(24)
(7)
(70)
(2)
(16)
(11)
(17)
(47)
(36)
(9)
(5)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(8)
(19)
(14)
(2)
(9)
(3)
(2)
(7)
(2)
(4)
(10)
(4)
(8)
(2)
(7)
(3)
(7)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(11)
(67)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(10)
(2)
(2)
(40)
(2)
(9)
(59)
(4)
(6)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(6)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(13)
(11)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(19)
(167)
(3)
(17)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(44)
(12)
(2)
(2)
(11)
(2)
(5)
(16)
(37)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(7)
(2)
(17)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(8)
(16)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(4)
(32)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(25)
(14)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(19)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(44)
(186)
(2)
(8)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(28)
(2)
(15)
(5)
(10)
(2)
(19)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(4)
(30)
(2)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(5)
(5)
(34)
(3)
(2)
(6)
(6)
(5)
(23)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(60)
(2)
(3)
(10)
(5)
(2)
(4)
(3)
(6)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(9)
(4)
(9)
(2)
(7)
(2)
(2)
(10)
(3)
(6)
(2)
(6)
(16)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(16)
(2)
(10)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(14)
(3)
(23)
(55)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(5)
(153)
(3)
(3)
(12)
(24)
(9)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(8)
(49)
(4)
(5)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(4)
(61)
(47)
(6)
(9)
(7)
(2)
(2)
(9)
(5)
(9)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(7)
(4)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(8)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(15)
(7)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(48)
(2)
(28)
(844)
(3)
(23)
(3)
(4)
(30)
(30)
(2)
(5)
(19)
(23)
(4)
(5)
(8)
(2)
(54)
(3)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(8)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(4)
(19)
(3)
(2)
(17)
(2)
(3)
(9)
(27)
(6)
(2)
(12)
(9)
(2)
(2)
(9)
(3)
(7)
(2)
(2)
(29)
(9)
(2)
(40)
0 of 1000
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(12)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(11)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(11)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(10)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(3104)
0 of 1000
(2)
(2780)
(24)
(30)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(2853)
(1)
(16)
(4)
(28)
(118)
(5)
(56)
(142)
(372)
(76)
(261)
(89)
(98)
(557)
(236)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(514)
(1)
(7)
(1302)
(10)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(8)
(4)
(3012)
(2190)
(7)
(1)
(7)
(8)
(13)
(4)
(176)
(204)
(2)
(3)
(182)
(1)
(587)
(1)
(43)
(2)
(950)
(2)
(765)
(1)
(18)
(69)
(1)
(7)
(43)
(138)
(14)
(659)
(542)
(26)
(143)
(85)
(39)
(48)
(61)
(15)
(44)
(7)
(25)
(1722)
(136)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(374)
(1)
(497)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(5)
(19)
(8)
(18)
(33)
(1)
(147)
(68)
(193)
(1)
0 of 100
(1)
(4)
(1)
(4)
(5)
(17)
(111)
(15)
(21)
(269)
(23)
(13)
(3)
(6)
(35)
(397)
(427)
(6)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(1)
(11)
(4)
(79)
(36)
(9)
(41)
(3)
(3)
(8)
(4)
(16)
(17)
(5)
(1)
(3)
(5)
(6)
(9)
(72)
(2)
(21)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(20)
(44)
(30)
(35)
(92)
(21)
(22)
(46)
(18)
(112)
(3)
(18)
(9)
(13)
(4)
(11)
(1)
(10)
(38)
(2)
(3)
(9)
(17)
(10)
(24)
(1)
(11)
(9)
(24)
(2)
(10)
0 of 81
(467)
(665)
(11)
(3)
(14)
(173)
(1)
(893)
(2)
(394)
(39)
(2181)
(626)
(3)
(2)
(241)
(2)
(44)
(104)
(121)
(55)
(281)
(7)
(103)
(1)
(239)
(2)
(19)
(114)
(103)
(1)
(100)
(824)
(160)
(215)
(218)
(229)
(3)
(1)
(279)
(3)
(41)
(15)
(30)
(4)
(2)
(75)
(3)
(510)
(44)
(27)
(74)
(113)
(5)
(30)
0 of 55
(1)
(662)
(5769)
(1)
(6)
(6)
(302)
(19)
(2)
(2)
(209)
(38)
(1750)
(16)
(2)
(1739)
(78)
(4)
(36)
(143)
(1)
(5)
(3)
(35)
(16)
(5926)
(1)
(1)
(890)
(406)
(1)
(16)
(2)
(4)
(10)
(400)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1284)
(8)
(713)
(1)
(7783)
(3410)
(294)
(1761)
(1)
(4)
(1010)
(82)
(1)
(35)
(190)
(2)
(189)
(23)
(2)
(5)
(1)
(282)
(281)
(5)
(34202)
(15)
(2)
(299)
(28)
(2)
(5)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(18)
(4)
(6)
(1023)
(6)
(1)
(914)
(12)
(1)
(87)
(820)
(2)
(407)
(4)
(3)
(134)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(79)
(5)
(6786)
(42)
(4)
(6481)
(114)
(1)
(13)
(238)
(54)
(1)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(16)
(14)
(422)
(295)
(1)
(330)
(293)
(31)
(17)
(174)
(2)
(73)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
0 of 125
(354)
(835)
(139)
(3058)
(917)
(3726)
(343)
(450)
(3807)
(526)
(309)
(659)
(228)
(1508)
(540)
(635)
(1268)
(1019)
(270)
(505)
(247)
(372)
(737)
(451)
(1272)
(613)
(311)
(1661)
(2365)
(195)
(162)
(432)
(228)
(138)
(1042)
(144)
(411)
(370)
(376)
(306)
(605)
(532)
(233)
(1336)
(232)
(209)
(146)
(298)
(188)
(640)
(170)
(1004)
(139)
(252)
(161)
(359)
(324)
(352)
(205)
(176)
(222)
(248)
(255)
(368)
(472)
(1187)
(411)
(1077)
(146)
(652)
(1388)
(1895)
(202)
(150)
(231)
(151)
(242)
(296)
(148)
(382)
(236)
(157)
(164)
(146)
(176)
(242)
(189)
(522)
(501)
(166)
(1357)
(184)
(211)
(154)
(309)
(146)
(165)
(151)
(209)
(248)
(144)
(1008)
(341)
(150)
(502)
(187)
(1209)
(147)
(158)
(1276)
(140)
(159)
(157)
(277)
(238)
(197)
(140)
(140)
(297)
(255)
(184)
(612)
(167)
(513)
(1398)
(218)
(513)
(140)
(172)
(462)
(347)
(1039)
(186)
(404)
(456)
(264)
(294)
(422)
(594)
(177)
(356)
(159)
(485)
(257)
(413)
(534)
(200)
(141)
(143)
(198)
(376)
(674)
(232)
(259)
(539)
(319)
(386)
(196)
(212)
(695)
(383)
(301)
(1268)
(266)
(184)
(171)
(248)
(164)
(142)
(170)
(139)
(179)
(249)
(149)
(463)
(404)
(353)
(514)
(1340)
(183)
(151)
(292)
(743)
(154)
(163)
(207)
(235)
(147)
(349)
(234)
(329)
(241)
(1462)
(251)
(715)
(141)
(888)
(303)
(556)
(1443)
(294)
(1645)
(151)
(381)
(1283)
(157)
(192)
(435)
(198)
(208)
(341)
(255)
(143)
(248)
(264)
(151)
(151)
(166)
(182)
(145)
(171)
(609)
(1293)
(184)
(367)
(153)
(159)
(263)
(320)
(247)
(146)
(264)
(179)
(164)
(407)
(158)
(759)
(224)
(297)
(630)
(252)
(630)
(412)
(162)
(532)
(257)
(600)
(231)
(1088)
(461)
(562)
(228)
(1122)
(1947)
(172)
(446)
(228)
(212)
(242)
(239)
(266)
(207)
(505)
(183)
(922)
(230)
(199)
(152)
(165)
(182)
(149)
(791)
(293)
(390)
(293)
(284)
(317)
(962)
(255)
(776)
(206)
(144)
(189)
(170)
(396)
(167)
(831)
(539)
(417)
(269)
(252)
(176)
(200)
(4750)
(539)
(204)
(382)
(315)
(306)
(322)
(887)
(909)
(643)
(2126)
(292)
(170)
(238)
(220)
(1354)
(2013)
(154)
(2582)
(3845)
(1020)
(820)
(200)
(206)
(149)
(263)
(235)
(569)
(671)
(671)
(1775)
(1305)
(537)
(325)
(208)
(676)
(496)
(239)
(677)
(211)
(897)
(373)
(221)
(222)
(204)
(251)
(254)
(192)
(145)
(143)
(173)
(169)
(359)
(239)
(192)
(204)
(407)
(396)
(169)
(531)
(310)
(205)
(739)
(161)
(334)
(383)
(233)
(422)
(168)
(360)
(265)
(252)
(188)
(400)
(306)
(189)
(312)
(230)
(184)
(159)
(195)
(217)
(1053)
(773)
(377)
(1795)
(488)
(491)
(505)
(218)
(381)
(671)
(140)
(288)
(971)
(218)
(220)
(567)
(197)
(287)
(617)
(437)
(1096)
(1300)
(343)
(387)
(256)
(177)
(790)
(295)
(206)
(175)
(215)
(157)
(172)
(512)
(301)
(315)
(155)
(198)
(287)
(246)
(174)
(476)
(160)
(201)
(199)
(173)
(245)
(4695)
(215)
(155)
(156)
(226)
(195)
(227)
(579)
(142)
(428)
(204)
(248)
(170)
(442)
(215)
(358)
(160)
(188)
(473)
(506)
(195)
(202)
(262)
(171)
(252)
(950)
(215)
(181)
(180)
(307)
(446)
(395)
(566)
(150)
(216)
(316)
(406)
(355)
(151)
(655)
(7051)
(2143)
(4695)
(297)
(567)
(433)
(184)
(248)
(169)
(598)
(282)
(307)
(138)
(223)
(816)
(421)
(2391)
(323)
(1058)
(160)
(321)
(157)
(314)
(247)
(141)
(207)
(158)
(213)
(139)
(168)
(162)
(279)
(296)
(254)
(157)
(755)
(231)
(158)
(446)
(242)
(285)
(516)
(436)
(780)
(1115)
(256)
(675)
(658)
(161)
(980)
(213)
(385)
(351)
(267)
(144)
(164)
(292)
(275)
(284)
(148)
(256)
(257)
(1140)
(181)
(391)
(148)
(256)
(147)
(213)
(200)
(256)
(257)
(310)
(162)
(465)
(539)
(201)
(524)
(170)
(267)
(2623)
(897)
(230)
(186)
(147)
(374)
(283)
(270)
(235)
(181)
(165)
(622)
(149)
(140)
(154)
(175)
(174)
(607)
(239)
(165)
(140)
(159)
(177)
(179)
(542)
(308)
(168)
(169)
(929)
(772)
(229)
(1006)
(630)
(2586)
(160)
(2421)
(190)
(232)
(166)
(540)
(534)
(419)
(362)
(443)
(154)
(340)
(546)
(1054)
(1105)
(284)
(186)
(806)
(487)
(247)
(281)
(146)
(159)
(468)
(765)
(272)
(456)
(925)
(1528)
(143)
(5913)
(793)
(163)
(1476)
(2180)
(1706)
(706)
(1626)
(154)
(320)
(347)
(1279)
(193)
(211)
(192)
(163)
(306)
(291)
(175)
(692)
(357)
(206)
(237)
(693)
(511)
(348)
(185)
(797)
(560)
(155)
(432)
(342)
(603)
(783)
(1072)
(1668)
(368)
(441)
(468)
(567)
(360)
(173)
(202)
(153)
(1300)
(397)
(467)
(259)
(139)
(139)
(334)
(207)
(681)
(666)
(3600)
(1958)
(1796)
(606)
(287)
(234)
(779)
(515)
(297)
(147)
(172)
(337)
(151)
(647)
(197)
(160)
(147)
(181)
(212)
(169)
(801)
(286)
(176)
(165)
(333)
(382)
(139)
(139)
(788)
(244)
(2240)
(206)
(160)
(205)
(333)
(142)
(167)
(182)
(251)
(254)
(942)
(795)
(1882)
(772)
(258)
(395)
(204)
(146)
(141)
(265)
(179)
(160)
(198)
(403)
(161)
(180)
(451)
(286)
(297)
(640)
(359)
(217)
(286)
(501)
(206)
(145)
(595)
(193)
(153)
(288)
(158)
(235)
(200)
(337)
(212)
(151)
(149)
(271)
(891)
(158)
(491)
(214)
(205)
(157)
(251)
(197)
(262)
(477)
(321)
(890)
(1260)
(689)
(374)
(173)
(179)
(193)
(338)
(345)
(222)
(197)
(399)
(403)
(350)
(875)
(438)
(193)
(141)
(150)
(456)
(597)
(808)
(339)
(820)
(2764)
(155)
(284)
(886)
(238)
(1382)
(509)
(755)
(207)
(331)
(265)
(242)
(217)
(421)
(181)
(435)
(274)
(259)
(139)
(274)
(188)
(177)
(426)
(863)
(453)
(935)
(397)
(152)
(213)
(195)
(200)
(755)
(240)
(156)
(346)
(202)
(1076)
(500)
(749)
(2984)
(257)
(490)
(2354)
(256)
(2266)
(3410)
(171)
(139)
(374)
(154)
(241)
(235)
(177)
(146)
(299)
(1046)
(217)
(1117)
(358)
(805)
(1392)
(450)
(349)
(210)
(195)
(2895)
(310)
(2135)
(3340)
(1486)
(159)
(2410)
(1328)
(1082)
(325)
(1464)
(192)
(310)
(745)
(142)
(310)
(421)
(200)
(616)
(235)
(233)
(164)
(210)
(222)
(860)
(352)
(452)
(260)
(325)
(303)
(220)
(254)
(339)
(713)
(414)
(147)
(265)
(240)
(177)
(226)
(194)
(299)
(580)
(201)
(484)
(629)
(246)
(589)
(209)
(328)
(696)
(1124)
(3487)
(934)
(198)
(193)
(139)
(1816)
(490)
(1276)
(434)
(306)
(258)
(238)
(258)
(157)
(262)
(144)
(139)
(285)
(476)
(292)
(886)
(415)
(353)
(207)
(152)
(1273)
(633)
(625)
(3806)
(290)
(210)
(929)
(3633)
(461)
(329)
(593)
(244)
(160)
(739)
(613)
(452)
(1676)
(311)
(468)
(266)
(146)
(412)
(155)
(1271)
(208)
(199)
(904)
(376)
(245)
(318)
(163)
(184)
(146)
(178)
(234)
(222)
(589)
(159)
(139)
(182)
(184)
(224)
(314)
(336)
(162)
(2995)
(2063)
(197)
(474)
(174)
(431)
(313)
(1921)
(1555)
(144)
(3037)
(255)
(1869)
(236)
(1775)
(3135)
(919)
(951)
(2126)
(180)
(4163)
(372)
(247)
(171)
(506)
(1577)
(626)
(336)
(178)
(225)
(203)
(177)
(158)
(228)
(198)
(193)
(327)
(182)
(156)
(240)
0 of 1000
(1)
(1)
(1)
0 of 3
Showing 761 - 780 of 83631 results
  • Oral Microbiota Dysbiosis in Firefighters and the Potential Contributing Environmental and Lifestyle Factors Based on a CaseControl Study
    Oral Microbiota Dysbiosis in Firefighters and the Potential Contributing Environmental and Lifestyle Factors Based on a Case-Control Study
    Bhattacharya, Sukanta S. ;
    Yadav, Brijesh
    2025/05/01 | Microorganisms 2025 May; 13(5):1154 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Epidemiological studies show firefighters have increased risks of cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. To explore links between occupational/environmental exposures and dysbiosis-associated health risks, this case-control study compared oral microbiota of age-matched firefighters (n = 13) and non-firefighters (n = 13) using next-generation ...
    Peer Reviewed
  • Evaluating Implementation of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality CAMS Training for Rural Suicide Prevention Among Mental Health and Healthcare Professionals
    Evaluating Implementation of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Training for Rural Suicide Prevention Among Mental Health and Healthcare Professionals
    Norrod, Paul E. ;
    MacDonald, Mary
    2025/05/01 | Issues Ment Health Nurs 2025 May; 46(5):436-443 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidology (CAMS) training among mental health and healthcare professionals in rural communities. Using a quasi-experimental design and convenience sampling, participants underwent CAMS training, with evaluations conducted through pre- and p ...
    Peer Reviewed
  • Health Hazard Evaluation Program Exposure to Lead During Work on and near LeadSheathed Telecommunication Cables HHE202400463413
    Health Hazard Evaluation Program: Exposure to Lead During Work on and near Lead-Sheathed Telecommunication Cables [HHE-2024-0046-3413]
    Li, Jessica F. ;
    Zacks, Rachael
    2025/05/01 | Health Hazard Evaluation Reports (HHE)
    Request: A union representing workers at a telecommunications provider requested a health hazard evaluation (HHE) to evaluate lead exposure among workers conducting repair, maintenance, and installation of telecommunications cables. Workplace: The local union represented telecommunications workers working across two states. The union identified thr ...
    Public Domain
  • Personality Change Across Four Years in World Trade Center Responders
    Personality Change Across Four Years in World Trade Center Responders
    Khudari, Christopher ;
    Oltmanns, Joshua R.
    2025/05/01 | Eur J Pers 2025 May; 39(3):323-335 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    The present study investigated personality change over the course of a four-year longitudinal study in N = 452 older adults who responded to the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center (Mage = 55 years, SD = 0.41). This sample provides the rare opportunity to compare normative findings of personality change with change in a unique group with a commo ...
    Peer Reviewed
  • Welders Anthrax Cases Caused by Bacillus cereus Group Bacteria Containing Anthrax Toxin Genes
    Welder's Anthrax Cases Caused by Bacillus cereus Group Bacteria Containing Anthrax Toxin Genes
    Antonini, James M. ;
    Dowell, Chad H.
    2025/05/01 | Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2025 May; 211(Abstract Issue):A6344 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Between 1994 and 2024, nine cases of welder's anthrax caused by species within the B. cereus group have been reported in immunocompetent metal workers, with most being welders. In these cases, the isolates were found to harbor a plasmid similar to B. anthracis pXO1 that encodes anthrax toxins. In recent years, two cases of welder's anthrax were rep ...
    Public Domain
  • Respirable Crystalline Silica Control Measures and Medical Surveillance Activities from Workplace Survey of US Engineered Stone Countertop Fabrication Facilities
    Respirable Crystalline Silica Control Measures and Medical Surveillance Activities from Workplace Survey of U.S. Engineered Stone Countertop Fabrication Facilities
    Harvey, R. Reid ;
    Fortner, Alyson R.
    2025/05/01 | Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2025 May; 211(Abstract Issue):A6308 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Rationale: Engineered stone (ES) countertop fabrication workers exposed to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) dust can develop silicosis, an irreversible and potentially fatal work-related lung disease. More than 50 cases of silicosis have been described among ES fabrication workers in Southern California since 2023, leading to emergency changes t ...
    Public Domain
  • Workplace Exposures and the Development of New Onset Adult Asthma A Systematic Review with MetaAnalysis
    Workplace Exposures and the Development of New Onset Adult Asthma: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
    Arrandale, V. H. ;
    Mackinnon, M. A.
    2025/05/01 | Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2025 May; 211(Abstract Issue):A6318 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    RATIONALE: It is estimated that over 600 agents in the workplace can lead to asthma, and that approximately 16% of adult asthma may be work-related. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to identify work exposures and occupations for which there is epidemiological evidence of a causal association with new-onset adult asthma (NOAA). ME ...
    Public Domain
  • Reproductive and Respiratory Hazards Associated with Different Nail Salon Services
    Reproductive and Respiratory Hazards Associated with Different Nail Salon Services
    Anderson, Kimberly R.
    2025/05/01 | Birth Defects Res 2025 May; 117(Suppl 1):S60 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Nail salon exposures are complex and can vary depending on the types of manicures performed and the products used. Previous exposure assessments have focused on acrylic manicures or general salon spaces, without considering the differences in product formulations from different services. The objective of this study was to assess respiratory and rep ...
    Public Domain
  • Understanding Nebulizer Utilization in Clinical Practice A COPD Foundation Nebulizer Consortium Survey Study
    Understanding Nebulizer Utilization in Clinical Practice: A COPD Foundation Nebulizer Consortium Survey Study
    Melamed, K. ;
    Cambridge, L.
    2025/05/01 | Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2025 May; 211(Abstract Issue):A7140 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    RATIONALE: Inhaled medications are the mainstay of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management. While consensus guidelines for pharmacological management in COPD are well-established, few guidelines exist regarding inhaled medication delivery systems. The COPD Foundation Nebulizer Consortium conducted a cross-sectional survey of patient ...
    Public Domain
  • Effect of Chemerin Deficiency on QuasiStatic Elastic Properties of the Respiratory System
    Effect of Chemerin Deficiency on Quasi-Static Elastic Properties of the Respiratory System
    Johnston, R. A. ;
    Takahashi, M.
    2025/05/01 | Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2025 May; 211(Abstract Issue):A2585 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    RATIONALE: Chemerin, a non-chemokine chemoattractant for natural killer cells, macrophages, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, is a ligand for three different seven-transmembrane domain receptors: C-C chemokine receptor like-2, chemerin-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), and chemerin-like receptor 2 (CMKLR2). We recently reported that respiratory system elas ...
    Public Domain
  • The Association Between Maternal Occupation as a CleanerMaidJanitor During Early Pregnancy and Selected Birth Defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
    The Association Between Maternal Occupation as a Cleaner/Maid/Janitor During Early Pregnancy and Selected Birth Defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
    Yang, Yining ;
    Herdt, Michele
    2025/05/01 | Birth Defects Res 2025 May; 117(Suppl 1):S70 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Cleaning work involves potential exposures to physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial hazards that might increase the risk of birth defects. Yet, there is limited research focused on maternal occupation in cleaning jobs and the risk of birth defects. This study sought to investigate the association between maternal occupation in cleaning j ...
    Public Domain
  • Consistent Direction Despite Wavering Policy Reductions in Resident Physician Extended Duration Shifts Over 20 Years
    Consistent Direction Despite Wavering Policy: Reductions in Resident Physician Extended Duration Shifts Over 20 Years
    Weaver, Matthew D. ;
    Barger, Laura K.
    2025/05/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    We examined data from 17,498 physicians-in-training who reported on 92,662 months of work over a 20-year study interval that included three major revisions to work hour limits. Extended duration shifts (≥ 24 hours; EDS) are much less common than they used to be. On average, first-year resident physicians (PGY1s) currently work a total of 4 ED ...
    Peer Reviewed
  • Key Findings from Research Using 360 Virtual Reality to Boost Small Employers Safety Practices
    Key Findings from Research: Using 360° Virtual Reality to Boost Small Employers' Safety Practices
    Wen, Jing
    2025/05/01 | CPWR - Center for Construction Research and Training Publications
    Workers at small contractors suffer a disproportionate share of construction-related fatalities: while rms with fewer than 20 workers employ over one-third of the workforce, they account for more than two-thirds of fatal incidents. Although safety resources are widely available, small contractors often lack awareness of them and suffer from misconc ...
  • Virtual Boundaries Investigating the Ethical and Social Risks of Exoskeletons in the Construction Industry
    Virtual Boundaries: Investigating the Ethical and Social Risks of Exoskeletons in the Construction Industry
    Ogunseiju, Omobolanle ;
    Cho, Yong Kwon
    2025/05/01 | CPWR - Center for Construction Research and Training Publications
    Construction continues to be one of the most dangerous industries, with workers constantly exposed to physically demanding and repetitive activities. Exoskeletons are emerging as ergonomic interventions that amplify human strength and agility while reducing muscle fatigue and discomfort. However, like any robotic technology, exoskeletons may have u ...
  • Using 360VR Narrative Communication to Boost Small Employers Safety Practices
    Using 360-VR Narrative Communication to Boost Small Employers' Safety Practices
    Wen, Jing ;
    Gheisari, Masoud
    2025/05/01 | CPWR - Center for Construction Research and Training Publications
    This study explores the use of VR-Employer4Safety, a 360-degree virtual reality narrative, to increase small employers' awareness of free safety resources-from organizations like NIOSH and CPWR-and their motivation to implement them. To understand the motivational challenges of implementing safety measures for small employers (1-19 employees) and c ...
  • Understanding the Drivers of and Barriers to Adopting Passive Backand ArmSupport Exoskeletons in Construction Results from Interviews and ShortTerm Field Testing
    Understanding the Drivers of and Barriers to Adopting Passive Back-and Arm-Support Exoskeletons in Construction: Results from Interviews and Short-Term Field Testing
    Ashtiani, Mohamad Behjati ;
    Morris, Wallace
    2025/05/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Construction workers experience high rates of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), particularly affecting the back and shoulders. Exoskeletons (EXOs), including arm-support (ASEs) and back-support (BSEs) devices, have clear potential as ergonomic interventions for reducing WMSD risks, yet the specific benefits and limitations in the cons ...
    Peer Reviewed
  • Field Survey Report Exposure Assessment of Peracetic AcidBased Disinfectant Chemicals in a Pediatric Hospital During Terminal Room Cleaning 2025DFSE2041
    Field Survey Report: Exposure Assessment of Peracetic Acid-Based Disinfectant Chemicals in a Pediatric Hospital During Terminal Room Cleaning [2025-DFSE-2041]
    Dunn, Kevin H. ;
    Grant, Michael P.
    2025/05/01 | Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, EPHB Report No. 2025-DFSE-2041, 2025 May; :1-22 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Background: Peracetic acid (PAA) is a chemical with growing use as a disinfectant, sterilant, and biocide. PAA, in a mixture with hydrogen peroxide (HP) and acetic acid (AA), is used in a wide variety of industrial sectors including the food and beverage industry, feed, animal housing, hospitals and healthcare, agriculture, water purification, wast ...
    Public Domain
  • InDepth Lab Report Laboratory Evaluation of Angle Grinder Discs for Grinding and Cutting Engineered Stone
    In-Depth Lab Report: Laboratory Evaluation of Angle Grinder Discs for Grinding and Cutting Engineered Stone
    Thompson, Drew ;
    Ku, Esther
    2025/05/01 | Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, EPHB Report No. 2025-DFSE-2042, 2025 May; :1-34 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Background: Workplace exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) can cause silicosis, a progressive lung disease marked by scarring and thickening of the lung tissue. Crystalline silica is found in several materials, such as brick, block, mortar, and concrete. Construction and manufacturing tasks that cut, break, grind, abrade, or drill those ...
    Public Domain
  • Aerosol Emission Transmission and Mitigation from Performing Singing and Wind Instruments
    Aerosol Emission, Transmission, and Mitigation from Performing Singing and Wind Instruments
    Bunte J ;
    Grinshpun S
    2025/04/30 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    During the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns about potential airborne virus transmission and exposure during musical performances were raised. Past studies suggest that aerosols are emitted from exhaling and talking with varying magnitudes. Meanwhile, little was known about aerosol emissions from singing and playing wind instruments. The objective of thi ...
    Peer Reviewed
  • Serum concentration of selected per and polyfluoroalkyl substances PFAS by industry and occupational groups among US adult workers NHANES 20052014
    Serum concentration of selected per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) by industry and occupational groups among US adult workers, NHANES 2005-2014.
    Anderson S ;
    Charles LE
    2025/04/28 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Purpose: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are associated with multiple health effects including pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia, increased serum hepatic enzymes, increased in serum lipids, decreased antibody response to vaccines, and decreased birth weight. Millions of US workers are exposed to PFAS at their workplaces. O ...
    Public Domain Peer Reviewed
761 - 780 / 83631
 Was this page helpful?
 Found an issue?
Send us an email at: publishinghd@cdc.gov