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Showing 47041 - 47060 of 82803 results
  • Upregulation of Phosphorylated Stat3 Precedes Glial Induction in MPTPMediated Neurotoxicity
    Upregulation of Phosphorylated Stat3 Precedes Glial Induction in MPTP-Mediated Neurotoxicity
    Hebert MA ;
    O'Callaghan JP
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    STAT3 is a transcription factor that is activated by the JAK family of kinases or by the growth associated MAP kinase (MAPK). As recent studies have shown that Stat3 regulates gliogenesis in the central nervous system (CNS) and astrogliosis is a unifying effect of diverse injuries to the CNS, we are interested in elucidating the temporal relationsh ...
    Public Domain
  • Effects of Octylphenol on Testosterone Biosynthesis by Cultured Precursor Cells PC and Immature Leydig Cells ILC from Rat Testes
    Effects of Octylphenol on Testosterone Biosynthesis by Cultured Precursor Cells (PC) and Immature Leydig Cells (ILC) from Rat Testes
    deLeon JH ;
    Kerk RC
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    4- Tert-octylphenol (octylphenol, OP) is a degradation product of a1kylphenol ethoxylates, widely used as a surfactant additive in the manufacture of detergents, plastics and pesticides. OP has been reported to mimic estrogen in many cellular systems and, thus, to potentially alter normal sexual growth/maturation. In the present studies, the direct ...
    Public Domain
  • Critical Role of Fiber Length in the Bioactivity and Cytotoxicity of Glass Fibers
    Critical Role of Fiber Length in the Bioactivity and Cytotoxicity of Glass Fibers
    Baron, Paul A. ;
    Blake T
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    A critical question in fiber research is the relative contribution of chemical properties vs physical dimensions to the potential pathogencity of an inhaled fibrous particle. To address this question, it is essential to obtain fiber samples of discrete lengths for investigation. Recently our laboratory has developed a method, which utilized a diele ...
    Public Domain
  • Is Silicosis Required for SilicaAssociated Lung Cancer
    Is Silicosis Required for Silica-Associated Lung Cancer?
    Checkoway, Harvey ;
    Franzblau, Alfred
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Abundant epidemiologic and experimental evidence supports the 1997 International Agency for Research on Cancer classification of crystalline silica as a human lung carcinogen. Nonetheless, there remains uncertainty about whether excessive lung cancer occurs exclusively among workers with silicosis. A review was performed of published occupational e ...
  • A Low Cost Approach to Evaluating Workplace Safety Programs
    A Low Cost Approach to Evaluating Workplace Safety Programs
    Peele PB ;
    Stockman CK
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    No Description Provided
  • WAF1 p21 and p53 Polymorphisms in Breast Cancer
    WAF-1 (p21) and p53 Polymorphisms in Breast Cancer
    Frye BL ;
    Keshava CKC
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Previous studies have indicated that certain p53 polymorphisms confer an increased risk of breast cancer (ORs and 95% CIS = 2.9, 1.4 - 6.3 Carcinogenesis 17: 1313, 1996; 2.5, 1.3 - 4.8 Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention 6: 105, 1997; 1.5, 1.1 - 2.0, Anticancer Research 18: 2095, 1998). p53 is a transcription factor for Waf-1/p21 a cycli ...
    Public Domain
  • Mist Control at a Machining Center Part 2 Mist Control Following Installation of Air Cleaners
    Mist Control at a Machining Center, Part 2: Mist Control Following Installation of Air Cleaners
    Burroughs, G. Edward ;
    Heitbrink, William A.
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    At a machining center used to produce transaxle and transmission parts, aerosol instrumentation was used to quantitatively evaluate size-dependent mist generation of a synthetic metalworking fluid (MWF) consisting primarily of water and triethanolamine (TEA). This information was used to select an air cleaner for controlling the mist. During most m ...
    Public Domain
  • Control of Fire Hazards in Commercial Drycleaning Shops Using PetroleumBased Solvents
    Control of Fire Hazards in Commercial Drycleaning Shops Using Petroleum-Based Solvents
    National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Drycleaning shops contain all elements necessary for uncontrolled fires: fuels, ignition sources, and oxygen. Potential combustible materials include furniture, garments, lint, and portions of the building. The greatest risk of fire and explosion exists if the drycleaning shop uses a petroleum-based solvent in drycleaning machines. Approximately 10 ...
    Public Domain
  • DoseResponse Relationships Between Occupational Aerosol Exposures and CrossShift Declines of Lung Function in Poultry Workers Recommendations for Exposure Limits
    Dose-Response Relationships Between Occupational Aerosol Exposures and Cross-Shift Declines of Lung Function in Poultry Workers: Recommendations for Exposure Limits
    Cumro D ;
    Donham KJ
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Numerous articles have been published regarding the adverse respiratory health consequences of working in intensive livestock and poultry housing. Threshold limit exposure guidelines are not currently applied to this environment, but they are essential to implement and monitor effective environmental controls. Previous dose-response research work w ...
    Public Domain
  • Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry ESIMSMS Analysis of Urinary Metabolites of 11 22Tetrachloroethylene Using an Automated SPE Sample Preparation System
    Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) Analysis of Urinary Metabolites of 1,1, 2,2-Tetrachloroethylene Using an Automated SPE Sample Preparation System
    Butler MA ;
    Cheever KL
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethylene [Perchloroethylene] (PERC, CAS 127-18-4), used extensively as a dry cleaning agent and in industrial degreasing processes, has been reported to increase the incidence of liver tumors in mice or of nephrotoxicity and renal tumors in male rats. Bioactivation of PERC is reported to occur by two pathways, oxidation by CYP2E1 ...
    Public Domain
  • Effects of Hypertonic Solutions in GuineaPig Isolated Perfused Trachea Comparison of Solutes
    Effects of Hypertonic Solutions in Guinea-Pig Isolated Perfused Trachea: Comparison of Solutes
    Cuttler D ;
    Fedan, Jeffery S.
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Hypertonic solutions induce obstruction in asthmatic patients. Hypertonic NaCl and KCl evoke epithelium-dependent relaxation of guinea-pig isolated, perfused trachea (IPT), a preparation in which agents can be added separately to the basolateral (extraluminal, EL) or mucosal (intraluminal, IL) bath. We compared responses of EL-methacholine(3 x 10-7 ...
    Public Domain
  • Activation of Activator Protein1 by Reactive Oxygen Species Associated with Asbestos
    Activation of Activator Protein-1 by Reactive Oxygen Species Associated with Asbestos
    Castranova, Vincent ;
    Ding M
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Inhalation of asbestos causes alterations in cell signaling cascades, gene expression, cell injury and cell proliferation which may lead to pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, or mesothelioma. Asbestos-mediated free radical reactions are believed to trigger a number of cellular and molecular events that may promote fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis. Bec ...
    Public Domain
  • Field Evaluation of a Portable Photoionization Detector for Assessing Exposure to Solvent Mixtures
    Field Evaluation of a Portable Photoionization Detector for Assessing Exposure to Solvent Mixtures
    Bigelow PL ;
    Buchan RM
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    To evaluate a portable photoionization detector for assessing personal exposure to solvent mixtures, a set of 26 side-by-side, time-weighted average (TWA) personal breathing zone samples were collected during various construction painting tasks by two different sampling methods: (1) standard charcoal sorbent tubes analyzed by gas chromatography (CS ...
  • Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 9901852787 Wonder Industries Wyoming Minnesota
    Health Hazard Evaluation Report: HETA 99–0185-2787: Wonder Industries, Wyoming, Minnesota
    McCleery, Robert E.
    2000/03/01 | Health Hazard Evaluation Reports (HHE)
    On April 22, 1999, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request for a health hazard evaluation (HHE) at the Wonder Industries facility in Wyoming, Minnesota. The confidential employee request expressed concern about the inadequate ventilation and possible generation of fumes from the various plastics used in ...
    Public Domain
  • Effects of Lipopolysaccharide LPS on Tracheal Epithelial Bioelectric Responses to Serosally and MucosallyApplied Indomethacin and Hypertonic Sodium Chloride
    Effects of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on Tracheal Epithelial Bioelectric Responses to Serosally- and Mucosally-Applied Indomethacin and Hypertonic Sodium Chloride
    Fedan, Jeffery S. ;
    Johnston RA
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    The purpose of this study was to determine if LPS had any effect upon the bioelectric responses of guinea-pig tracheal epithelium to serosally - and mucosally - applied indomethacin and hypertonic NaCl. Guinea-pigs were injected with LPS (4 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline, and 18 hours later epithelial bioelectric responses were measured in vitro using the ...
    Public Domain
  • Animal Models and Mechanisms of Latex Allergy
    Animal Models and Mechanisms of Latex Allergy
    Meade BJ
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Animal models are frequently used to conduct mechanistic studies that due to test article toxicity or sensitization potential would be unethical to perform in humans. Several laboratories have developed models to study latex allergy and although these include rabbit and guinea pig models, most animal research has been conducted in murine models. Al ...
    Public Domain
  • Differences Between Alveolar Macrophages and Cell Lines in Activation of MitogenActivated Protein Kinases MAPKs Stimulated by LipoPolyscccharide LPS
    Differences Between Alveolar Macrophages and Cell Lines in Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) Stimulated by Lipo-Polyscccharide (LPS)
    Meighan T ;
    Rao KMK
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    We have shown previously that the lung surfactant inhibits LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production in alveolar macrophages (Miles et al., Am.J.Physiol. 276:Ll86, 1999). But lung surfactant had no effect on NO production in two macrophage cell lines RAW 264.7 and J-774. Stimulation of primary macrophages and cell lines by LPS has been shown to a ...
    Public Domain
  • Migrant Farmworkers and Green Tobacco Sickness New Issues for an Understudied Disease
    Migrant Farmworkers and Green Tobacco Sickness: New Issues for an Understudied Disease
    Arcury TA ;
    Austin C
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    BACKGROUND: The transition from family tobacco production to dependence on hired labor has placed migrant and seasonal farmworkers (MSF) at risk for green tobacco sickness (GTS). No previous studies of GTS have focused on MSF. METHODS: One hundred and forty-four Hispanic MSF working in tobacco production in North Carolina were surveyed to obtain se ...
  • Human Interindividual Variability in the Expression of Cytochrome P450 Forms Critical to Xenobiotic Metabolism
    Human Interindividual Variability in the Expression of Cytochrome P450 Forms Critical to Xenobiotic Metabolism
    Lipscomb JC ;
    Snawder, John E.
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Estimates of human interindividual differences in susceptibility to toxic insult may have their basis in pharmacokinetic (PK) and/or pharmacodynamic (PD) variations. Although the US EPA does consider separating uncertainty factors into PK and PD components, as done for perchlorate, there are no guidelines to inform such a process, and critical data ...
    Public Domain
  • Physical Workplace Factors and Return to Work After Compensated Low Back Injury A Disability PhaseSpecific Analysis
    Physical Workplace Factors and Return to Work After Compensated Low Back Injury: A Disability Phase-Specific Analysis
    Brand RJ ;
    Dasinger LK
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Little is known about predictors of duration of work disability (DOD). This cohort study of 433 workers' compensation claimants estimated DOD for job, injury, and demographic factors during consecutive disability phases using Cox regression analysis. DOD was calculated from administrative records. Results show that DOD increases with the time spent ...
47041 - 47060 / 82803