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Showing 45841 - 45860 of 82972 results
  • Induction of Apoptosis by Chronically Inhaled Silica
    Induction of Apoptosis by Chronically Inhaled Silica
    Castranova, Vincent ;
    Mercer RR
    2001/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Whether apoptosis is induced and/or plays a significant role in lung pathology from inhaled silica is unknown. We examined apoptosis in rat lungs following exposure to 15 mg/m3 silica (average particle size 1.6 um) or filtered air for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for up to 116 days. Lungs from filtered air and exposed animals were preserved by intra-tr ...
    Public Domain
  • Role of Macrophage Apoptosis in Pulmonary Inflammation
    Role of Macrophage Apoptosis in Pulmonary Inflammation
    Antonini JM ;
    Castranova, Vincent
    2001/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Apoptosis is a gene-controlled process of cellular self-destruction implicated in pathogenesis of inflammatory and fibrotic lung disorders. Macrophages are key regulatory cells in the lung; however, the role of apoptotic macrophages in pulmonary disorders is not known. We instilled apoptotic macrophages into the lungs of Fischer 344 rats to study l ...
    Public Domain
  • Evaluating OSHAs Ethylene Oxide Standard Exposure Determinants in Massachusetts Hospitals
    Evaluating OSHA’s Ethylene Oxide Standard: Exposure Determinants in Massachusetts Hospitals
    Kelsey KT ;
    LaMontagne AD
    2001/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    OBJECTIVES: This study sought to identify determinants of workplace exposures to ethylene oxide to assess the effect of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA's) 1984 ethylene oxide standard. METHODS: An in-depth survey of all hospitals in Massachusetts that used ethylene oxide from 1990 through 1992 (96% participation, N = 90) w ...
  • Time Course of Specific Antibody Production Following Topical Skin Exposure to Dry Trimellitic Anhydride TMA Powder
    Time Course of Specific Antibody Production Following Topical Skin Exposure to Dry Trimellitic Anhydride (TMA) Powder
    Kommineni C ;
    Lewis, Daniel M.
    2001/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    TMA is a low molecular weight chemical used in the solid form as a fine powder in industry. Workers have been reported to develop asthma after TMA exposure and specific anti- TMA IgE has been found in these workers. Although inhalation has been considered the major route of exposure leading to sensitization, the importance of dermal exposure in all ...
    Public Domain
  • Neurochemical Correlates of Cognitive Deficits in Weanling Rats Exposed to Chlorpyrifos
    Neurochemical Correlates of Cognitive Deficits in Weanling Rats Exposed to Chlorpyrifos
    Carter JC ;
    Jett DA
    2001/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Previous studies have shown that moderate to high levels of chlorpyrifos (CPF) alter cognitive function in adult and immature rats, probably related to the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChe). We have previously reported on an alteration of cAMP signaling by CPF in rats exposed to moderate doses, and PC12 cells exposed to CPF at doses lower t ...
    Public Domain
  • ComputerAssisted Chest Radiograph Reader
    Computer-Assisted Chest Radiograph Reader
    Soliz P
    2001/03/01 | Grant Final Reports
    To reduce inter- and intra-reader variability in diagnosing chest radiographs, a neural network-based computer-aided diagnostic system was developed and tested. The results of an experiment with 124 digitized chest radiographs, demonstrated high degrees of sensitivity and specificity in classifying chest radiographs. The use of a computer-assisted ...
  • Phenol Induced In Vivo Oxidative Stress in Skin Evidence for Enhanced Free Radical Generation Thiol Oxidation and Antioxidant Depletion
    Phenol Induced In Vivo Oxidative Stress in Skin: Evidence for Enhanced Free Radical Generation, Thiol Oxidation and Antioxidant Depletion
    Castranova, Vincent ;
    Gunter MR
    2001/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    A variety of phenolic compounds are utilized in industry (e.g., for production of phenol-formaldehyde resins, paints and lacquers, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals). They can be toxin to skin (i.e., can cause rash, dermal inflammation, contact dermatitis, leucoderma, and/or cancer promotion). The biochemical mechaisms for dermal toxicity of phenolic c ...
    Public Domain
  • Rapid and Sensitive Assay of Tumor Necrosis FactorX Gene Transcription
    Rapid and Sensitive Assay of Tumor Necrosis Factor-X Gene Transcription
    Manosroi J ;
    Rojanasakul Y
    2001/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) is a cytokine that appears rapidly in response to infection and trauma. It plays a beneficial role as an immunostimulant and important mediator of host defense against infectious agents and malignant tumors. However, when abnormally regulated, i.e., because of an autoimmune response or tissue injury, TNF-a can ca ...
    Public Domain
  • Acute Inflammation and Recovery in Rats After Intratracheal Instillation of a 13BGlucan Zymosan A 200103
    Acute Inflammation and Recovery in Rats After Intratracheal Instillation of a 1–>3-B-Glucan (Zymosan A) [2001/03]
    Barger M ;
    Castranova, Vincent
    2001/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    1-->3 B-Glucans derived from the inner cell wall of yeasts and fungi have been implicated in organic dust toxic syndrome. However, animal studies report conflicting results concerning the inflammatory potency of 1-->3-B-glucan. In this experiment, we assessed the pulmonary reaction of rats to 1-->3-B-glucan (zymosan A) exposure. Male Sprague-Dawley ...
    Public Domain
  • Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 200003322827 NIOSH Exposure Assessment of Cellulose Insulation Applicators
    Health Hazard Evaluation Report: HETA 2000–0332–2827: NIOSH Exposure Assessment of Cellulose Insulation Applicators
    Fernback, Joseph E. ;
    Hall, Ronald M.
    2001/03/01 | Health Hazard Evaluation Reports (HHE)
    In July 1994, cellulose insulation (CI) was nominated to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) for a comprehensive toxicological evaluation. The evaluation consisted of two components: (1) a bulk analytical characterization of CI and (2) an exposure assessment of U.S. contractors applying the CI in residential and commercial buildings. The National ...
    Public Domain
  • Roadside Assistance
    Roadside Assistance
    McFall, Mark F.
    2001/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    When firefighters and paramedics respond to an incident along a highway, they often don't realize that they may be in as much danger from passing traffic as when they enter a burning building. Motorists accustomed to a clear, unobstructed roadway may not recognize and avoid closed lanes, emergency workers on or near the roadway, and a variety of fi ...
    Public Domain
  • Restraint Stress and Other Neuroprotective Manipulations Increase Brain Concentration of D34Methylenedioxymethamphetamine DMDMA in C57BL6J Mouse
    Restraint Stress and Other Neuroprotective Manipulations Increase Brain Concentration of D-3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (D-MDMA) in C57BL/6J Mouse
    Johnson, Elizabeth A. ;
    Miller DB
    2001/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Temperature lowering manipulations, including restraint stress as well as co-administration of temperature lowering agents have proven protective against the dopaminergic neurotoxicity induced by repeated doses of d-MDMA. It is reasonable to expect that such neuroprotective effects may arise from an alteration in the amount of toxic compound that i ...
    Public Domain
  • Biological Monitoring Survey of Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure Among Preschool Children in the Seattle Metropolitan Area
    Biological Monitoring Survey of Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure Among Preschool Children in the Seattle Metropolitan Area
    Andersen FJ ;
    Fenske RA
    2001/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    In this study we assessed organophosphorus (OP) pesticide exposure among children living in two Seattle metropolitan area communities by measuring urinary metabolites, and identified pos­sible exposure risk factors through a parental interview. We recruited children in clinic and outpatient waiting rooms. We obtained spot urine samples in the sprin ...
  • Focus on Ground Control Horizontal Stress
    Focus on Ground Control: Horizontal Stress
    Mark C
    2001/03/01 | Mining Publications
    The purpose of ground control is to create a stable rock structure that can withstand the stresses that nature applies to it. Traditionally, coal mine operators have been primarily concerned with stress caused by the weight of the rock itself. The pillars however, carry most of the vertical gravity load from the overburden, leaving only the weight ...
    Public Domain
  • Phenolic Antioxidants and Prooxidants Are They Really So Different
    Phenolic Antioxidants and Prooxidants: Are They Really So Different?
    Kagan VE ;
    Shvedova AA
    2001/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Hydroxy-function of phenolic compounds renders them effective donors of reducing equivalents for radicals providing for their radical scavenging role. The reducing potency of phenolic compounds is also utilized in enzymatic peroxidase-catalyzed reactions. In both cases, the one-electron oxidation intermediate, the phenoxyl radical, determines furth ...
    Public Domain
  • Developmental Toxicity Interactions of Methanol and Radiofrequency Radiation or 2Methoxyethanol in Rats
    Developmental Toxicity Interactions of Methanol and Radiofrequency Radiation or 2-Methoxyethanol in Rats
    Nelson BK ;
    Shaw, Peter B.
    2001/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    This research was undertaken to determine potential interactions among chemical and physical agents. Radiofrequency (RF) radiation is used in numerous workplaces, and many workers are concurrently exposed to RF radiation and various chemicals. The developmental toxicity of RF radiation is associated with the degree and duration of hyperthermia indu ...
    Public Domain
  • Modified Endotoxin Response in Rats PreTreated with 13BGlucan Zymosan A
    Modified Endotoxin Response in Rats Pre-Treated with 1–>3-B-Glucan (Zymosan A)
    Barger M ;
    Castranova, Vincent
    2001/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    1-->3-B-Glucans, derived from fungal cell walls, and endotoxin (LPS), derived from gram negative bacteria, are commonly found in organic dust. Both have been implicated in organic dust toxic syndrome. 1-->3-B-Glucans belong to a class of compound called Biological Response Modifiers. In a previous study, we demonstrated that intratracheal instillat ...
    Public Domain
  • ArsenicInduced Gene Expression in Urinary Bladder Epithelium
    Arsenic-Induced Gene Expression in Urinary Bladder Epithelium
    Hulderman T ;
    Luster MI
    2001/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Occupational and environmental exposure to arsenic has been related by epidemiological studies to development of skin and urinary bladder cancer. Although the mechanisms of arsenic carcinogenesis have not been defined, increasing evidence indicates the role of epigenetic mechanisms, including modulation of signaling pathways of cell growth. We demo ...
    Public Domain
  • Determination of Alachlor and Its Metabolites in Rat Plasma and Urine Using Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid ChromatographyElectrospray IonizationMass Spectrometry
    Determination of Alachlor and Its Metabolites in Rat Plasma and Urine Using Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry
    Qiao GL ;
    Zang LY
    2001/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    A method based on liquid chromatography (LC) with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MS) for the analysis of Alachlor and its metabolites. 2chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl) acetamide (CDEPA) and 2.6-diethylaniline (DEA) in rat plasma and urine has been developed. The 13 C-labeled Alachlor and its metabolites were used as the internal sta ...
    Public Domain
  • Pillar Design to Prevent Collapse of RoomandPillar Mines
    Pillar Design to Prevent Collapse of Room-and-Pillar Mines
    Zipf, R. Karl, Jr.
    2001/03/01 | Mining Publications
    Catastrophic collapse or cascading pillar failure (CPF) is a potential problem faced by all room-and-pillar mining operations. CPF occurs when one pillar fails suddenly, which then overstresses the neighboring pillars causing them to fail, and so forth, in very rapid succession. Within seconds, very large mining areas can collapse via this mechanis ...
    Public Domain
45841 - 45860 / 82972