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Showing 45721 - 45740 of 82972 results
  • Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment Data Collection and Management
    Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment – Data Collection and Management
    Hewett, Paul
    2001/04/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Each worker expects a work environment devoid of unreasonable risks. Our goal is to protect each individual worker, but limited resources usually compel industrial hygienists to first aggregate workers into exposure groups, determine which exposure groups warrant priority attention, and evaluate the 'exposure profile' of each exposure group in orde ...
    Public Domain
  • Asphalt Exposure Enhances Substance P SP Levels in Sensory Neurons Projecting to Nasal Epithelium
    Asphalt Exposure Enhances Substance P (SP) Levels in Sensory Neurons Projecting to Nasal Epithelium
    Castranova, Vincent ;
    Dey RD
    2001/04/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Asphalt fumes have been reported to cause nasal irritation in road crew workers. Since inhaled irritants may increase SP production in the airways, the effects of asphalt fumes on sensory neurons innervating the rat nasal epithelium were investigated. Cell bodies of trigeminal ganglia (TG) providing sensory innervation to nasal epithelia were ident ...
    Public Domain
  • Multifidus EMG and TensionRelaxation Recovery After Prolonged Static Lumbar Flexion
    Multifidus EMG and Tension-Relaxation Recovery After Prolonged Static Lumbar Flexion
    Baratta RV ;
    Harris M
    2001/04/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    The electromyogram (EMG) from the in vivo feline L1 to the L7 multifidus was recorded during the application of a 20-minute static lumbar flexion and after 7 hours of rest. To determine the recovery of tension-relaxation and laxity in the lumbar viscoelastic structures as well as the recovery of reflexive EMG activity in the multifidus after prolon ...
  • Phosphorylation of Protein Phosphatase Inhibitor1 by Cdk5
    Phosphorylation of Protein Phosphatase Inhibitor-1 by Cdk5
    Bibb JA ;
    Czernik AJ
    2001/04/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 is a prototypical mediator of cross-talk between protein kinases and protein phosphatases. Activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase results in phosphorylation of inhibitor-1 at Thr-35, converting it into a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1. Here we report that inhibitor-1 is phosphorylated in vitro at Ser- ...
    Public Domain
  • Understanding Barriers to Preventive Health Actions for Occupational NoiseInduced Hearing Loss
    Understanding Barriers to Preventive Health Actions for Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
    Maxfield, Andrew M. ;
    Meadows-Hogan S
    2001/04/01 | Mining Publications
    A theoretically based formative evaluation was conducted with coal miners in the Appalachian Mountains who were at high risk for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The results of four focus groups indicate that despite high levels of knowledge, strong perceived severity of negative consequences, and strong perceived susceptibility to hearing loss, ...
    Public Domain
  • Use of a Human Microsomal Library for Metabolite Elucidation Assay Development and Biological Monitoring of Occupationally Relevant Compounds
    Use of a Human Microsomal Library for Metabolite Elucidation, Assay Development and Biological Monitoring of Occupationally Relevant Compounds
    Biagini, Raymond E. ;
    Snawder, John E.
    2001/04/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Immunochemical biomonitoring is an effective tool for assessing exposure to agrochemicals. Effective biomonitoring requires knowledge of agent-specific human pharmacokinetics We have procured a library of human tissue subfractions (hepatic, renal, pulmonary and jejunal) to serve as an invitro surrogate of human metabolism. Characterization of these ...
    Public Domain
  • Base SequenceSpecific Attack of Stilbene Estrogen Metabolites on the Mitochondrial DNA Implications in the Induction of Instability in the Mitochondrial Genome in the Kidney of Syrian Hamsters
    Base Sequence-Specific Attack of Stilbene Estrogen Metabolite(s) on the Mitochondrial DNA: Implications in the Induction of Instability in the Mitochondrial Genome in the Kidney of Syrian Hamsters
    Roy D ;
    Thomas RD
    2001/04/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    We have demonstrated previously that diethylstilbestrol is metabolized to diethylstilbestrol reactive metabolites by mitochondrial enzymes in vitro. In vitro, these reactive intermediates bind to mitochondrial DNA. Here we have investigated the in vivo formation of diethylstilbestrol adducts with mitochondrial DNA, the nature of mitochondrial DNA-d ...
  • Trunk Stability and Spinal Load During MMH Lifting
    Trunk Stability and Spinal Load During MMH Lifting
    Granata KP
    2001/04/01 | Grant Final Reports
    Occupationally related low back disorders (LBDs) are the leading cause of lost work days and the most costly occupational safety and health problem facing industry today. It is well known that LBD risk is associated with manual materials handling (MMH) and are influenced by MMH lifting parameters, specifically trunk posture and lifting task design. ...
  • Dust Underfoot Enclosed CabFloor Heaters Can Significantly Increase Operators Respirable Dust Exposure
    Dust Underfoot: Enclosed Cab-Floor Heaters Can Significantly Increase Operator’s Respirable Dust Exposure
    Cecala, Andrew B. ;
    Heitbrink, William A.
    2001/04/01 | Mining Publications
    Many types of heavy equipment used in the mining and construction industries use enclosed cabs to protect equipment operators from dust and noise exposure. Normally, when the equipment is new, manufacturers' designed controls are effective at keeping the operator's exposure at acceptable levels. However, as equipment becomes older and many componen ...
    Public Domain
  • Distributions and Determinants of PreEmergent Herbicide Exposures Among Custom Applicators
    Distributions and Determinants of Pre-Emergent Herbicide Exposures Among Custom Applicators
    Deddens JA ;
    Hines CJ
    2001/04/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Custom applicators intensively apply herbicides to corn and soybean fields each spring. The primary objective of this study was to characterize the exposure distributions of the herbicides alachlor, atrazine, 2,4-D 2-ethylhexyl ester (2,4-D EH), and metolachlor among a group of applicators during the spring pre-emergent spray season. A secondary ob ...
    Public Domain
  • Historical Estimation of Diesel Exhaust Exposure in a Cohort Study of Railroad Workers and Lung Cancer
    Historical Estimation of Diesel Exhaust Exposure in a Cohort Study of Railroad Workers and Lung Cancer
    Dockery DW ;
    Eschenroeder A
    2001/04/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Rationale: Although 95% of the locomotives in service in the US railroad industry were diesel by 1959, individual railroads transitioned from steam to diesel at different rates from 1945 to 1959. We hypothesize that accounting for these differences when modeling exposure will help characterize lung cancer risk attributable to diesel exhaust exposur ...
  • Effects of Ozone ReExposure on Substance P SPInnervation in Airways of Postnatal Rats
    Effects of Ozone Re-Exposure on Substance P (SP)-Innervation in Airways of Postnatal Rats
    Dey RD ;
    Fedan, Jeffery S.
    2001/04/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Airway infections or irritant exposures during early postnatal periods may contribute to the onset of asthma during childhood and may be associated with exposure during critical periods of postnatal lung growth. In previous studies, a possible critical period was identified during which there was heightened neural sensitivity to ozone (O3) occurrin ...
    Public Domain
  • NIOSH musculoskeletal documents on CDROM preventing workrelated disorders
    NIOSH musculoskeletal documents on CD-ROM: preventing work-related disorders.
    National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
    2001/04/01 | NIOSH Numbered Publications
    This CD-ROM contains the complete text of 12 musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) documents previously developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The purpose of this CD is to provide an easily accessible compilation of NIOSH research and recommendations related to the prevention of workplace musculoskeletal disorders ...
    Public Domain
  • Lung Cancer Among Industrial Sand Workers Exposed to Crystalline Silica
    Lung Cancer Among Industrial Sand Workers Exposed to Crystalline Silica
    Sanderson, Wayne T. ;
    Steenland, Kyle
    2001/04/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    In 1997, the International Agency for Research on Cancer determined that crystalline silica was a human carcinogen but noted inconsistencies in the epidemiology. There are few exposure-response analyses. The authors examined lung cancer mortality among 4,626 industrial sand workers, estimating exposure via a job-exposure matrix based on 4,269 indus ...
    Public Domain
  • Combustion Particle Enhanced Nasal Allergic Response A Human Experimental Exposure Study
    Combustion Particle Enhanced Nasal Allergic Response: A Human Experimental Exposure Study
    Hauser R ;
    Krishna-Murthy GG
    2001/04/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    We conducted a human experimental exposure study to investigate the interaction of particles and allergens. Volunteers with and without atopy were exposed to combustion particles and then challenged with an aeroallergen (determined by skin testing). The particles and allergens were delivered nasally. The whole pollen grains were delivered using a v ...
    Public Domain
  • Understanding Preventing Lobsterman Entanglement A Preliminary Survey
    Understanding & Preventing Lobsterman Entanglement: A Preliminary Survey
    Backus AS ;
    Bensyl D
    2001/04/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Commercial fishing has been recognized as a hazardous occupation for centuries. Sir Walter Scott wrote in .The Antiquary,"It's no fish ye're buying, it's men's lives." The working conditions for commercial fishermen are very dangerous and factors associated with commercial fishing deaths are complex. Gear type, fatigue, and environmental conditions ...
    Public Domain
  • Ergonomics Evaluation of Zinc Pot Skimming
    Ergonomics Evaluation of Zinc Pot Skimming
    Habes, Daniel J.
    2001/04/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request for a Health Hazard Evaluation (HHE) from the Director of Environmental Safety and Health at a facility where workers were experiencing strain to the lower back and arms while performing a zinc pot-skimming operation. The request also stated that over the years the ...
    Public Domain
  • NMDA Receptor Blockage Protects Against Permanent NoiseInduced Hearing Loss but Not Its Potentiation by Carbon Monoxide
    NMDA Receptor Blockage Protects Against Permanent Noise-Induced Hearing Loss but Not Its Potentiation by Carbon Monoxide
    Chen GD ;
    Fechter LD
    2001/04/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    While a clear role has been proposed for glutamate as a putative neurotransmitter at the inner hair cell type I spiral ganglion cell synapse, the possible role of excessive glutamate release in cochlear impairment and of NMDA receptors in such a process is uncertain. The present study compares the protective effects of (+)-MK-801, an NMDA receptor ...
  • Physically Demanding Work and Inadequate Sleep Pain Medication Use and Absenteeism in Registered Nurses
    Physically Demanding Work and Inadequate Sleep, Pain Medication Use, and Absenteeism in Registered Nurses
    Lipscomb, Jane A. ;
    Storr CL
    2001/04/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Pain and fatigue are early indicators of musculoskeletal strain. This study examined associations among eight physical demands and inadequate sleep, pain medication use, and absenteeism in 3727 working registered nurses (RNs). Among the demands, awkward head/arm postures were associated with each outcome (inadequate sleep: odds ratio [OR], 1.96; 95 ...
  • Effects of Diesel Exhaust Particles DEP Exposure on Pulmonary Cytochrome P450 P450 Metabolism
    Effects of Diesel Exhaust Particles (DEP) Exposure on Pulmonary Cytochrome P-450 (P-450) Metabolism
    Barger MW ;
    Castranova, Vincent
    2001/04/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with DEP require bioactivation by P-450 to exert their toxic/carcinogenic effects. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of exposure of rats to DEP on pulmonary P-450 metabolism. Rats were dosed with a single intratracheal instillation of either 5 or 35 mg/kg of DEP or car ...
    Public Domain
45721 - 45740 / 82972