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Showing 1661 - 1680 of 1966 results

Preliminary development of a real-time respirator seal integrity monitor with low-cost particle sensor.

Corey J ;

Grinshpun SA

2018/07/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

In many industrial environments, properly fit and functioning respirators are required to reduce individual's exposure to particulate matter. Respirator fits are evaluated prior to use by the Occupational Health and Safety (OSHA) fit testing protocol. However, this testing cannot ensure that the seal is maintained during actual use. The OSHA fit te ...

12/01/2025

Title : Preliminary development of a real-time respirator seal integrity monitor with low-cost particle sensor. Personal Author(s) : Corey J;Grinshpun SA;Liu Y;Wu B;Yermakov M; Published Date : 2018/07/01 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249311 Corey J et al. (2018). Preliminary development of a real-time respirator seal integrity monitor with low-cost particle sensor.. 54(4). Corey J et al. "Preliminary development of a real-time respirator seal integrity monitor with low-cost particle sensor." 54, no. 4 (2018) Corey J et al. "Preliminary development of a real-time respirator seal integrity monitor with low-cost particle sensor." vol. 54, no. 4, 2018 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Corey J AU - Grinshpun SA AU - Liu Y AU - Wu B AU - Yermakov M AB - In many industrial environments, properly fit and functioning respirators are required to reduce individual's exposure to particulate matter. Respirator fits are evaluated prior to use by the Occupational Health and Safety (OSHA) fit testing protocol. However, this testing cannot ensure that the seal is maintained during actual use. The OSHA fit testing equipment and laboratory grade aerosol monitors are both too expensive and bulky to be deployed in workplace environments. In this effort, a low cost portable device, the respirator seal integrity monitor (ReSIM) was developed to monitor the aerosol particle concentrations inside a wearer's respirator mask, alerting the wearer when seal breaches allow aerosol particles to enter the mask. Multiple low-cost particle sensors were tested, with the Shinyei PPD60PV-T2 sensor being selected. The PPD60PV-T2 sensor can detect particles of 0.5 µm and above. These large particles cannot penetrate a properly fit respirator in quantity; thus, their detection points to a compromised seal. ReSIM utilizes an air pump to consistently draw in-mask air into the sensor without allowing external air to be pulled into the mask. ReSIM aggregates all particle detection events over 30-s intervals and determines the percentage of time during, which particles are detected, identifying spikes in particle detection corresponding to seal failures. The newly-developed ReSIM system was tested with polystyrene latex spheres, salt, and combustion aerosols under different flow conditions including cyclic breathing at 30 and 85 L/min. Results obtained while testing under cyclic breathing conditions showed 96.9% accuracy in identifying intervals with leaks versus intervals without leaks. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249311 IS - 4 KW - Aerosols KW - Occupational Health KW - Personal Protective Equipment KW - Respiratory Protective Devices KW - Safety KW - Personal protective equipment; PPE; Respirators; Respiratory protection; Fit testing; Respirator testing; Monitors; Aerosols; Aerosol particles; Sensors; KW - Author Keywords: Fit test; particle sensor; real-time; respirator KW - Aerosols KW - Occupational Health KW - Personal Protective Equipment KW - Respiratory Protective Devices KW - Safety LA - eng PY - 2018/07/01 TI - Preliminary development of a real-time respirator seal integrity monitor with low-cost particle sensor. VL - 54 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249311 ER -
Performance of a novel real-time respirator seal integrity monitor on firefighters: simulated workplace pilot study.

Corey J ;

Grinshpun SA

2018/08/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Millions of workers, including firefighters, use respiratory protective device. The key aspect in assuring the intended protection level of a respirator is its fit. However, even if the respirator originally fits well, the faceseal may be breached during its use. Until now, there have been no practically viable, inexpensive means to monitor the per ...

12/01/2025

Title : Performance of a novel real-time respirator seal integrity monitor on firefighters: simulated workplace pilot study. Personal Author(s) : Corey J;Grinshpun SA;Leppänen M;Wu B;Yermakov M; Published Date : 2018/08/01 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249310 Corey J et al. (2018). Performance of a novel real-time respirator seal integrity monitor on firefighters: simulated workplace pilot study.. 15(8). Corey J et al. "Performance of a novel real-time respirator seal integrity monitor on firefighters: simulated workplace pilot study." 15, no. 8 (2018) Corey J et al. "Performance of a novel real-time respirator seal integrity monitor on firefighters: simulated workplace pilot study." vol. 15, no. 8, 2018 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Corey J AU - Grinshpun SA AU - Leppänen M AU - Wu B AU - Yermakov M AB - Millions of workers, including firefighters, use respiratory protective device. The key aspect in assuring the intended protection level of a respirator is its fit. However, even if the respirator originally fits well, the faceseal may be breached during its use. Until now, there have been no practically viable, inexpensive means to monitor the performance of a respirator during actual use. A novel Respirator Seal Integrity Monitor (ReSIM) was developed and recently evaluated on manikins by our team. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ReSIM effectiveness on respirator-wearing firefighters exposed to aerosols while performing simulated routine operational activities. Initially, 15 subjects were recruited for the study. Following a preliminary investigation that resulted in modifications in the ReSIM prototype and testing protocol, a subset of nine firefighters was chosen for a full-scale evaluation. The testing was conducted in a 24.3-m3 exposure chamber using NaCl as the challenge aerosol. Controlled faceseal leaks were established by opening a solenoid valve for 10, 15, or 20 sec. Leaks were also established as the tested firefighter slightly repositioned the respirator on his/her face. During the testing, the ReSIM measured particles inside a full-face elastomeric respirator with a 72.7% leak detection sensitivity (probability of correct leak identification) and an 84.2% specificity (probability of correct identification of the intervals which are absent of any leak). After adjusting for false negatives and persistent false positives, sensitivity and specificity increased to 83.6% and 92.2%, respectively. The factors causing minor limitations in leak detection sensitivity and specificity can be attributed to variability among subjects, moisture's effect on the particle sensor, and some in-mask sampling bias. In conclusion, the ReSIM can promptly detect the breach in a respirator faceseal with high sensitivity and specificity. Due to its capability to alert the wearer of possible overexposure to hazardous aerosols, the ReSIM concept has a remarkable potential to be applied in various working environments, where respirators are used. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249310 IS - 8 KW - Aerosols KW - Elastomers KW - Emergency Responders KW - Firefighters KW - Occupational Health KW - Personal Protective Equipment KW - Respiratory Protective Devices KW - Safety KW - Fire fighters; Emergency responders; Personal protective equipment; PPE; Respirators; Respiratory protection; Fit testing; Respirator testing; Monitors; Aerosols; Elastomeric half-mask respirators; KW - Author Keywords: Aerosol; elastomeric respirator; faceseal leakage; sensitivity; sensor; specificity KW - Aerosols KW - Elastomers KW - Emergency Responders KW - Firefighters KW - Occupational Health KW - Personal Protective Equipment KW - Respiratory Protective Devices KW - Safety LA - eng PY - 2018/08/01 TI - Performance of a novel real-time respirator seal integrity monitor on firefighters: simulated workplace pilot study. VL - 15 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249310 ER -
Parent work conditions and adolescent core self-evaluations: examining the effects of work resource drain and parent gender.

Allen TD ;

Butts MM

2016/12/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Purpose: Using resource drain and social cognitive theory frameworks, this study investigates the process through which parent time and energy resource drain relates to adolescent core self-evaluation. Parent-child interactive and routine activities and parental social support are tested as mediators. Methodology: Data are reported by mothers, fath ...

12/01/2025

Title : Parent work conditions and adolescent core self-evaluations: examining the effects of work resource drain and parent gender. Personal Author(s) : Allen TD;Butts MM;French KA; Published Date : 2016/12/01 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249309 Allen TD et al. (2016). Parent work conditions and adolescent core self-evaluations: examining the effects of work resource drain and parent gender.. 31(4). Allen TD and Butts MM and French KA "Parent work conditions and adolescent core self-evaluations: examining the effects of work resource drain and parent gender." 31, no. 4 (2016) Allen TD et al. "Parent work conditions and adolescent core self-evaluations: examining the effects of work resource drain and parent gender." vol. 31, no. 4, 2016 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Allen TD AU - Butts MM AU - French KA AB - Purpose: Using resource drain and social cognitive theory frameworks, this study investigates the process through which parent time and energy resource drain relates to adolescent core self-evaluation. Parent-child interactive and routine activities and parental social support are tested as mediators. Methodology: Data are reported by mothers, fathers, and adolescent children in 151 middle-class, dual-earner families from the 500 Family Study. Hypotheses are tested using path analysis and moderated mediation. Findings: Parent work hours negatively relate to adolescent reports of received social support, partially due to decreased time spent engaged in parent-child interactive activities. Fathers' work hours indirectly relate to adolescent core self-evaluations through parent-child interactive activities and social support from fathers; this indirect relationship was not found for mothers. Exploratory analyses examined differences by parent and child gender. Fathers' work hours are more likely to detract from parent-child routine activities relative to mothers' work hours. The relationship between father work hours and parent-child interactive activities is buffered for sons compared to daughters. Implications: Results help to explain why parent work-related resource drain relates to adolescent core self-evaluations. Parent gender, type of resource drain, and type of activity are identified as potential boundary conditions. Interactive activities and social support are key mediators warranting attention. Originality/Value: Social cognitive theory is used as a framework for linking parent work-related resource drain and child outcomes. Mechanisms are identified that explain adolescent core self-evaluations development. Use of multisource data helps to mitigate problems with single-source data used in previous studies. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249309 IS - 4 KW - Adolescent KW - Men KW - Nervous System KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Women KW - Humans; Men; Women; Adolescents; Cognitive function; Sociological factors; Gender factors; Workers; Work zone; KW - Author Keywords: Dual-earner; Core self-evaluations; Parent-child activities; Social support KW - Adolescent KW - Men KW - Nervous System KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Women LA - eng PY - 2016/12/01 TI - Parent work conditions and adolescent core self-evaluations: examining the effects of work resource drain and parent gender. VL - 31 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249309 ER -
Post-traumatic stress disorder following emergency peripartum hysterectomy.

Coulter M ;

de la Cruz CZ

2016/10/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Purpose: Our objective was to explore if women who experience emergency peripartum hysterectomy (EPH), a type of severe maternal morbidity, are more likely to screen positive for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to women who did not experience EPH. Methods: Using a retrospective cohort design, women were sampled through online communi ...

12/01/2025

Title : Post-traumatic stress disorder following emergency peripartum hysterectomy. Personal Author(s) : Coulter M;de la Cruz CZ;Mbah AK;O'Rourke K;Salihu HM; Published Date : 2016/10/01 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249308 Coulter M et al. (2016). Post-traumatic stress disorder following emergency peripartum hysterectomy.. 294(4). Coulter M et al. "Post-traumatic stress disorder following emergency peripartum hysterectomy." 294, no. 4 (2016) Coulter M et al. "Post-traumatic stress disorder following emergency peripartum hysterectomy." vol. 294, no. 4, 2016 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Coulter M AU - de la Cruz CZ AU - Mbah AK AU - O'Rourke K AU - Salihu HM AB - Purpose: Our objective was to explore if women who experience emergency peripartum hysterectomy (EPH), a type of severe maternal morbidity, are more likely to screen positive for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to women who did not experience EPH. Methods: Using a retrospective cohort design, women were sampled through online communities. Participants completed online screens for PTSD. Additionally, women provided sociodemographic, obstetric, psychiatric, and psychosocial information. We conducted bivariate and logistic regression analyses, then Monte Carlo simulation and propensity score matching to calculate the risk of screening positive for PTSD after EPH. Results: 74 exposed women (experienced EPH) and 335 non-exposed women (did not experience EPH) completed the survey. EPH survivors were nearly two times more likely to screen positive for PTSD (aOR: 1.90; 95 % CI: 1.57, 2.30), and nearly 2.5 times more likely to screen positive for PTSD at 6 months postpartum compared to women who were not EPH survivors (aOR: 2.46; 95 % CI: 1.92, 3.16). Conclusion: The association of EPH and PTSD was statistically significant, indicating a need for further research, and the potential need for support services for these women following childbirth. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249308 IS - 4 KW - Demography KW - Mental Health KW - Morbidity KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Women KW - Humans; Women; PTSD; Post-traumatic stress disorder; Morbidity rates; Sampling; Sociological factors; Demographic characteristics; Psychological effects; Regression analysis; KW - Author Keywords: Maternal morbidity; Emergency hysterectomy; Post-traumatic stress disorder; PTSD; Maternal mental health KW - Demography KW - Mental Health KW - Morbidity KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Women LA - eng PY - 2016/10/01 TI - Post-traumatic stress disorder following emergency peripartum hysterectomy. VL - 294 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249308 ER -
The impact of language and culture diversity in occupational safety.

Acree Conlon H ;

Burns C

2016/01/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Occupational health nursing plays a critical part in improving the safety of foreign labor workers. The development and implementation of safety training programs do not always regularly take into account language barriers, low literacy levels, or cultural elements. This oversight can lead to more injuries and fatalities among this group. Despite e ...

12/01/2025

Title : The impact of language and culture diversity in occupational safety. Personal Author(s) : Acree Conlon H;Burns C;De Jesus-Rivas M; Published Date : 2016/01/01 Pages in Document : 24-27 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249307 Acree Conlon H et al. (2016). The impact of language and culture diversity in occupational safety.. 64(1). Acree Conlon H and Burns C and De Jesus-Rivas M "The impact of language and culture diversity in occupational safety." 64, no. 1 (2016) Acree Conlon H et al. "The impact of language and culture diversity in occupational safety." vol. 64, no. 1, 2016 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Acree Conlon H AU - Burns C AU - De Jesus-Rivas M AB - Occupational health nursing plays a critical part in improving the safety of foreign labor workers. The development and implementation of safety training programs do not always regularly take into account language barriers, low literacy levels, or cultural elements. This oversight can lead to more injuries and fatalities among this group. Despite established health and safety training programs, a significant number of non-native English speakers are injured or killed in preventable, occupation-related accidents. Introducing safety programs that use alternative teaching strategies such as pictograms, illustrations, and hands-on training opportunities will assist in addressing challenges for non-English laborers. Occupational health nursing has an opportunity to provide guidance on this subject and assist businesses in creating a safer and more productive work environment. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249307 IS - 1 KW - Accidents, Occupational KW - Emigration and Immigration KW - Health Personnel KW - Health Promotion KW - Mortality KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Staff Development KW - Diversity; Nursing; Safety; Workers; Training; Safety programs; Injuries; Fatalities; Health programs; Accidents; Immigrant workers; KW - Author Keywords: diversity; health education; health literacy; immigrant; occupational health and safety programs; occupational injuries; workforce KW - Accidents, Occupational KW - Emigration and Immigration KW - Health Personnel KW - Health Promotion KW - Mortality KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Staff Development LA - eng PY - 2016/01/01 TI - The impact of language and culture diversity in occupational safety. VL - 64 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249307 ER -
Radicalized health care workers and the risk of Ebola as a bioterror weapon.

Aquino TL

2016/05/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

A biological attack employing the deliberate spread of Ebola virus by radicalized health care workers is a significant public health and national security threat. The chain of custody for medical materials contaminated with Ebola can be vast, and opportunities for health care workers to self-infect themselves with Ebola exist. As demonstrated in re ...

12/01/2025

Title : Radicalized health care workers and the risk of Ebola as a bioterror weapon. Personal Author(s) : Aquino TL Published Date : 2016/05/01 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249306 Aquino TL (2016). Radicalized health care workers and the risk of Ebola as a bioterror weapon.. 7 Aquino TL "Radicalized health care workers and the risk of Ebola as a bioterror weapon." 7 (2016) Aquino TL "Radicalized health care workers and the risk of Ebola as a bioterror weapon." vol. 7, 2016 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Aquino TL AB - A biological attack employing the deliberate spread of Ebola virus by radicalized health care workers is a significant public health and national security threat. The chain of custody for medical materials contaminated with Ebola can be vast, and opportunities for health care workers to self-infect themselves with Ebola exist. As demonstrated in recent years, Westerners will support Islamic terror organizations by carrying out attacks on domestic soil. This paper addresses scenarios by which Ebola virus could be disseminated into unsuspecting populations by health care workers. Also elucidated are risk mitigation methods. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249306 KW - Communicable Diseases KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Health Care Facilities Workforce and Services KW - Health Personnel KW - Occupational Health KW - Public Health KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Safety KW - Suicide KW - Viral Diseases KW - Bioterrorism; Health care workers; Biological agents; Biological effects; Ebola virus disease; Viral diseases; Public health; Medical equipment; Contagious diseases; Exposure levels; Risk factors; KW - Author Keywords: Ebola; Terrorism; Bioterror; Radical; Healthcare; Suicide; Attack; Outbreak; Surveillance; Virus; Travel; Laboratory; Clinical; Hospital; Communicable disease KW - Communicable Diseases KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Health Care Facilities Workforce and Services KW - Health Personnel KW - Occupational Health KW - Public Health KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Safety KW - Suicide KW - Viral Diseases LA - eng PY - 2016/05/01 TI - Radicalized health care workers and the risk of Ebola as a bioterror weapon. VL - 7 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249306 ER -
Prevalence and risk factors for pulmonary conditions among farmers and ranchers in the central United States.

Baccaglini L ;

Bell JE

2022/10/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for work-related respiratory conditions (asthma, farmer's lung, sinusitis, rhinitis, and environmental allergies, diagnosed by a physician) among farm and ranch operators in the central US. A survey was conducted by the Central States Center for Agricultural Safety and Health (CS- ...

12/01/2025

Title : Prevalence and risk factors for pulmonary conditions among farmers and ranchers in the central United States. Personal Author(s) : Baccaglini L;Bell JE;Du Y;Johnson A;Puvvula J;Rautiainen RH; Published Date : 2022/10/01 Pages in Document : 378-390 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249305 Baccaglini L et al. (2022). Prevalence and risk factors for pulmonary conditions among farmers and ranchers in the central United States.. 27(4). Baccaglini L et al. "Prevalence and risk factors for pulmonary conditions among farmers and ranchers in the central United States." 27, no. 4 (2022) Baccaglini L et al. "Prevalence and risk factors for pulmonary conditions among farmers and ranchers in the central United States." vol. 27, no. 4, 2022 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Baccaglini L AU - Bell JE AU - Du Y AU - Johnson A AU - Puvvula J AU - Rautiainen RH AB - This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for work-related respiratory conditions (asthma, farmer's lung, sinusitis, rhinitis, and environmental allergies, diagnosed by a physician) among farm and ranch operators in the central US. A survey was conducted by the Central States Center for Agricultural Safety and Health (CS-CASH) in 2018, focusing on work-related injuries, illnesses, exposures, and preventive measures in a seven-state region (Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota). Farms and ranches (n = 16,818) with an email address and annual sales exceeding $5,000 were randomly selected for the survey. Agricultural production and weather data were merged with survey responses. The relationship between exposures and respiratory conditions was analyzed using generalized estimating equations. We received responses from 3,268 agricultural operations (19% response rate) containing information on 4,064 individual operators. The life-time prevalence of (any) respiratory conditions among farm/ranch operators was 18%. Risk factors for respiratory conditions included exposures to grain/hay/feed dust (OR 2.41), animal confinement dust (OR 1.57), field/road dust (OR 2.11), manure/silage gasses (OR 1.66), anhydrous ammonia (OR 1.51), fuels/solvents/paints (OR 1.92), older age group >70 vs. <43 (OR 1.40), female gender (OR 1.82), and being primary vs. third operator (OR 1.61). Farmers and ranchers have a high prevalence of respiratory conditions associated with dust and gas exposures at work. More effective protective measures are needed using the hierarchy of controls, including improved use of respiratory protection. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249305 IS - 4 KW - Aging KW - Agriculture KW - Animals KW - Asthma KW - Asthma, Occupational KW - Dust KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Farmers KW - Fuel Oils KW - Health Personnel KW - Hypersensitivity KW - Lung KW - Lung Diseases KW - Men KW - Occupational Health KW - Paint KW - Personal Protective Equipment KW - Preventive Medicine KW - Respiratory Protective Devices KW - Respiratory System KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Safety KW - Solvents KW - Women KW - Agricultural workers; Agriculture; Pulmonary system disorders; Respiratory system disorders; Exposure levels; Risk factors; Asthma; Bronchial asthma; Lung; Lung disorders; Environmental exposure; Allergies; Physicians; Injuries; Preventive measures; Dust exposure; Dusts; Grain dusts; Animals; Ammonia; Fuels; Solvents; Paints; Age groups; Humans; Men; Women; Farmers; Respiratory equipment; Respiratory protection; Respiratory protective equipment; Personal protective equipment; PPE; KW - Author Keywords: Respiratory condition; dust; gas; exposure; agriculture; farm; ranch KW - Aging KW - Agriculture KW - Animals KW - Asthma KW - Asthma, Occupational KW - Dust KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Farmers KW - Fuel Oils KW - Health Personnel KW - Hypersensitivity KW - Lung KW - Lung Diseases KW - Men KW - Occupational Health KW - Paint KW - Personal Protective Equipment KW - Preventive Medicine KW - Respiratory Protective Devices KW - Respiratory System KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Safety KW - Solvents KW - Women LA - eng PY - 2022/10/01 TI - Prevalence and risk factors for pulmonary conditions among farmers and ranchers in the central United States. VL - 27 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249305 ER -
Reported exposure trends among healthcare personnel COVID-19 cases, USA, March 2020-March 2021.

Billock RM ;

De Perio, Marie A.

2022/05/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Background: Health care personnel (HCP) have experienced significant SARS-CoV-2 risk, but exposure settings among HCP COVID-19 cases are poorly characterized. Methods: We assessed exposure settings among HCP COVID-19 cases in the United States from March 2020 to March 2021 with reported exposures (n = 83,775) using national COVID-19 surveillance da ...

12/01/2025

Title : Reported exposure trends among healthcare personnel COVID-19 cases, USA, March 2020-March 2021. Personal Author(s) : Billock RM;De Perio, Marie A.;Gaughan, Denise M.;Groenewold MR;Luckhaupt SE;Sweeney, Marie H.; Published Date : 2022/05/01 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249304 Billock RM et al. (2022). Reported exposure trends among healthcare personnel COVID-19 cases, USA, March 2020-March 2021.. 50(5). Billock RM et al. "Reported exposure trends among healthcare personnel COVID-19 cases, USA, March 2020-March 2021." 50, no. 5 (2022) Billock RM et al. "Reported exposure trends among healthcare personnel COVID-19 cases, USA, March 2020-March 2021." vol. 50, no. 5, 2022 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Billock RM AU - De Perio, Marie A. AU - Gaughan, Denise M. AU - Groenewold MR AU - Luckhaupt SE AU - Sweeney, Marie H. AB - Background: Health care personnel (HCP) have experienced significant SARS-CoV-2 risk, but exposure settings among HCP COVID-19 cases are poorly characterized. Methods: We assessed exposure settings among HCP COVID-19 cases in the United States from March 2020 to March 2021 with reported exposures (n = 83,775) using national COVID-19 surveillance data. Exposure setting and reported community incidence temporal trends were described using breakpoint estimation. Among cases identified before initiation of COVID-19 vaccination programs (n = 65,650), we used separate multivariable regression models to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for associations of community incidence with health care and household and/or community exposures. Results: Health care exposures were the most reported (52.0%), followed by household (30.8%) and community exposures (25.6%). Health care exposures and community COVID-19 incidence showed similar temporal trends. In adjusted analyses, HCP cases were more likely to report health care exposures (aPR = 1.31; 95% CI:1.26-1.36) and less likely to report household and/or community exposures (aPR = 0.73; 95% CI:0.70-0.76) under the highest vs lowest community incidence levels. Discussion: These findings highlight HCP exposure setting temporal trends and workplace exposure hazards under high community incidence. Findings also underscore the need for robust collection of work-related data in infectious disease surveillance. Conclusions: Many reported HCP cases experienced occupational COVID-19 exposures, particularly during periods of higher community COVID-19 incidence. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249304 IS - 5 KW - Communicable Diseases KW - Epidemiology KW - Health Personnel KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Occupational Health KW - Public Health KW - Safety KW - Health care workers; COVID-19; Coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2; Surveillance; Occupational exposure; Public health; Infection control; Infectious diseases; Medical personnel; Epidemiology; KW - Author Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Healthcare workers; Public health surveillance; Workplace exposure KW - Communicable Diseases KW - Epidemiology KW - Health Personnel KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Occupational Health KW - Public Health KW - Safety LA - eng PY - 2022/05/01 TI - Reported exposure trends among healthcare personnel COVID-19 cases, USA, March 2020-March 2021. VL - 50 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249304 ER -
Model predictions of occupational exposures to diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione emitted from roasted whole bean and ground coffee: influence of roast level and physical form on specific emission rates.

Burns, Dru A. ;

Fernandez E

2022/03/23 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Roasted coffee emits hazardous volatile organic compounds including diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione. Workers in non-flavored coffee roasting and packaging facilities might inhale diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione from roasted coffee above occupational exposure limits depending on their work activities and proximity to the source of emissions. Objectives ...

12/01/2025

Title : Model predictions of occupational exposures to diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione emitted from roasted whole bean and ground coffee: influence of roast level and physical form on specific emission rates. Personal Author(s) : Burns, Dru A.;Fernandez E;Fortner, Alyson R.;LeBouf, Ryan F.;Ranpara, Anand; Published Date : 2022/03/23 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249303 Burns, Dru A. et al. (2022). Model predictions of occupational exposures to diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione emitted from roasted whole bean and ground coffee: influence of roast level and physical form on specific emission rates.. 10 Burns, Dru A. et al. "Model predictions of occupational exposures to diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione emitted from roasted whole bean and ground coffee: influence of roast level and physical form on specific emission rates." 10 (2022) Burns, Dru A. et al. "Model predictions of occupational exposures to diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione emitted from roasted whole bean and ground coffee: influence of roast level and physical form on specific emission rates." vol. 10, 2022 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Burns, Dru A. AU - Fernandez E AU - Fortner, Alyson R. AU - LeBouf, Ryan F. AU - Ranpara, Anand AB - Roasted coffee emits hazardous volatile organic compounds including diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione. Workers in non-flavored coffee roasting and packaging facilities might inhale diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione from roasted coffee above occupational exposure limits depending on their work activities and proximity to the source of emissions. Objectives of this laboratory study were to: (1) investigate factors affecting specific emission rates (SERs) of diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione from freshly roasted coffee, (2) explore the effect of time on SERs of coffee stored in sealed bags for 10-days, and (3) predict exposures to workers in hypothetical workplace scenarios. Two roast levels (light and dark) and three physical forms (whole bean, coarse ground, and fine ground) were investigated. Particle size for whole bean and ground coffee were analyzed using geometric mean of Feret diameter. Emitted chemicals were collected on thermal desorption tubes and quantified using mass spectrometry analysis. SERs developed here coupled with information from previous field surveys provided model input to estimate worker exposures during various activities using a probabilistic, near-field/far-field model. For freshly roasted coffee, mean SER of diacetyl and 2,3-pentantedione increased with decreasing particle size of the physical form (whole bean < coarse ground < fine ground) but was not consistent with roast levels. SERs from freshly roasted coffee increased with roast level for diacetyl but did not change for 2,3-pentanedione. Mean SERs were greatest for diacetyl at 3.60 mg kg-1 h-1 for dark, fine ground and for 2,3-pentanedione at 3.88 mg kg-1 h-1 for light, fine ground. For storage, SERs of whole bean remained constant while SERs of dark roast ground coffee decreased and light roast ground coffee increased. Modeling demonstrated that near-field exposures depend on proximity to the source, duration of exposure, and air velocities in the near-field further supporting previously reported chemical air measurements in coffee roasting and packaging facilities. Control of source emissions using local exhaust ventilation especially around grinding activities as well as modification of work practices could be used to reduce exposures in this workforce. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249303 KW - Air Pollution KW - Coffee KW - Diacetyl KW - Occupational Health KW - Particulate Matter KW - Safety KW - Ventilation KW - Volatile Organic Compounds KW - Coffee workers; Diacetyl; Food additives; Volatile organic compounds; VOCs; Particle size; Emission sources; Grinding equipment; Air quality measurement; Exhaust ventilation; KW - Author Keywords: diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione; coffee; emission rate; occupational exposures; volatile organic compounds KW - Air Pollution KW - Coffee KW - Diacetyl KW - Occupational Health KW - Particulate Matter KW - Safety KW - Ventilation KW - Volatile Organic Compounds LA - eng PY - 2022/03/23 TI - Model predictions of occupational exposures to diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione emitted from roasted whole bean and ground coffee: influence of roast level and physical form on specific emission rates. VL - 10 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249303 ER -
Influence of e-liquid humectants, nicotine, and flavorings on aerosol particle size distribution and implications for modeling respiratory deposition.

LeBouf, Ryan F. ;

Ranpara, Anand

2022/03/17 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Electronic cigarette, or vaping, products are used to heat an e-liquid to form an aerosol (liquid droplets suspended in gas) that the user inhales; a portion of this aerosol deposits in their respiratory tract and the remainder is exhaled, thereby potentially creating opportunity for secondhand exposure to bystanders (e.g., in homes, automobiles, a ...

12/01/2025

Title : Influence of e-liquid humectants, nicotine, and flavorings on aerosol particle size distribution and implications for modeling respiratory deposition. Personal Author(s) : LeBouf, Ryan F.;Ranpara, Anand;Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.;Virji, M. Abbas; Published Date : 2022/03/17 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249302 LeBouf, Ryan F. et al. (2022). Influence of e-liquid humectants, nicotine, and flavorings on aerosol particle size distribution and implications for modeling respiratory deposition.. 10 LeBouf, Ryan F. et al. "Influence of e-liquid humectants, nicotine, and flavorings on aerosol particle size distribution and implications for modeling respiratory deposition." 10 (2022) LeBouf, Ryan F. et al. "Influence of e-liquid humectants, nicotine, and flavorings on aerosol particle size distribution and implications for modeling respiratory deposition." vol. 10, 2022 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - LeBouf, Ryan F. AU - Ranpara, Anand AU - Stefaniak, Aleksandr B. AU - Virji, M. Abbas AB - Electronic cigarette, or vaping, products are used to heat an e-liquid to form an aerosol (liquid droplets suspended in gas) that the user inhales; a portion of this aerosol deposits in their respiratory tract and the remainder is exhaled, thereby potentially creating opportunity for secondhand exposure to bystanders (e.g., in homes, automobiles, and workplaces). Particle size, a critical factor in respiratory deposition (and therefore potential for secondhand exposure), could be influenced by e-liquid composition. Hence, the purposes of this study were to (1) test the influence of laboratory-prepared e-liquid composition [ratio of propylene glycol (PG) to vegetable glycerin (VG) humectants, nicotine, and flavorings] on particle size distribution and (2) model respiratory dosimetry. All e-liquids were aerosolized using a second-generation reference e-cigarette. We measured particle size distribution based on mass using a low-flow cascade impactor (LFCI) and size distribution based on number using real-time mobility sizers. Mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMADs) of aerosol from e-liquids that contained only humectants were significantly larger compared with e-liquids that contained flavorings or nicotine (p = 0.005). Humectant ratio significantly influenced MMADs; all aerosols from e-liquids prepared with 70:30 PG:VG were significantly larger compared with e-liquids prepared with 30:70 PG:VG (p = 0.017). In contrast to the LFCI approach, the high dilution and sampling flow rate of a fast mobility particle sizer strongly influenced particle size measurements (i.e., all calculated MMAD values were < 75 nm). Dosimetry modeling using LFCI data indicated that a portion of inhaled particles will deposit throughout the respiratory tract, though statistical differences in aerosol MMADs among e-liquid formulations did not translate into large differences in deposition estimates. A portion of inhaled aerosol will be exhaled and could be a source for secondhand exposure. Use of laboratory-prepared e-liquids and a reference e-cigarette to standardize aerosol generation and a LFCI to measure particle size distribution without dilution represents an improved method to characterize physical properties of volatile aerosol particles and permitted determination of MMAD values more representative of e-cigarette aerosol in situ, which in turn, can help to improve dose modeling for users and bystanders. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249302 KW - Aerosols KW - Electrical Equipment and Supplies KW - Flavoring Agents KW - Nicotine KW - Occupational Health KW - Particulate Matter KW - Safety KW - Smokers KW - Solvents KW - Tobacco Products KW - Cigarette smoking; Electronic devices; Vapors; Aerosols; Secondhand smoke; Propylene glycol; Nicotine; Flavorings; Aerosol particles; Particle aerodynamics; Particle size; KW - Author Keywords: electronic cigarette; vaping; secondhand or passive exposure; occupational exposure; cascade impactor KW - Aerosols KW - Electrical Equipment and Supplies KW - Flavoring Agents KW - Nicotine KW - Occupational Health KW - Particulate Matter KW - Safety KW - Smokers KW - Solvents KW - Tobacco Products LA - eng PY - 2022/03/17 TI - Influence of e-liquid humectants, nicotine, and flavorings on aerosol particle size distribution and implications for modeling respiratory deposition. VL - 10 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249302 ER -
Evaluation of the fall protection of Type I industrial helmets (dataset).

Cobb C ;

Kau T-Y

2022/12/16 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Type I industrial helmets have been widely used at construction sites and by manufacturers as ``general purpose" safety helmets. The performance of Type I industrial helmets for fall protection is not required to be tested in standardized tests. Chin straps and suspension system adjustment mechanisms are two important components of a typical indust ...

12/01/2025

Dataset

Title : Evaluation of the fall protection of Type I industrial helmets (dataset). Personal Author(s) : Cobb C;Kau T-Y;Moorehead A;Pan, Christopher S.;Wimer BM;Wu, John Z.; Published Date : 2022/12/16 DOI : https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHRD-1037-2022-0 Cobb C et al. (2022). Evaluation of the fall protection of Type I industrial helmets (dataset).. https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHRD-1037-2022-0 Cobb C et al. "Evaluation of the fall protection of Type I industrial helmets (dataset)." (2022), https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHRD-1037-2022-0 Cobb C et al. "Evaluation of the fall protection of Type I industrial helmets (dataset)." , 2022, https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHRD-1037-2022-0 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Research Dataset AU - Cobb C AU - Kau T-Y AU - Moorehead A AU - Pan, Christopher S. AU - Wimer BM AU - Wu, John Z. AB - Type I industrial helmets have been widely used at construction sites and by manufacturers as ``general purpose" safety helmets. The performance of Type I industrial helmets for fall protection is not required to be tested in standardized tests. Chin straps and suspension system adjustment mechanisms are two important components of a typical industrial helmet, but the effects of proper use of them on the protective performance of Type I helmets have not been evaluated. The current study was designed to analyze the fall protection performance of Type I industrial helmets and to evaluate if the use of a chin strap and the suspension system tightness have any effect on protection performance. Head impact tests were performed by letting an instrumented manikin free fall backwards, from a standing posture, so that the manikin would make head-first contact with a solid surface of two different materials (concrete and plywood-covered). The results showed that all four tested helmet models demonstrated excellent performances for fall protection compared to the control group without wearing helmets. The fall protection performance of the advanced helmet models was substantially better than the basic helmet models. However, the effects of the use of chin straps and suspension system tightness on the helmets' fall protection performance were statistically not significant. The findings of our study provide information to help construction companies and manufacturers better manage the use of Type I helmets for fall protection, thereby reducing work-related traumatic brain injury risks. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249301 DO - https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHRD-1037-2022-0 KW - Accidental Falls KW - Construction Industry KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Head protective equipment; Fall protection; Construction industry; Safety helmets; Injury prevention; Equipment testing KW - Accidental Falls KW - Construction Industry KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety LA - eng PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health PY - 2022/12/16 TI - Evaluation of the fall protection of Type I industrial helmets (dataset). UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249301 ER -
Revealing the structural and chemical properties of copper-based nanoparticles released from copper treated wood (dataset).

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

2022/05/11 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Copper-based preservatives consisting of micronized and nanoscale copper particles have been widely used in applications for wood protection. The presence of micronized/nanoscale particles and soluble aqueous copper in copper-treated wood has raised questions regarding the forms of released particles and the potential hazards of exposure during the ...

12/01/2025

Dataset

Title : Revealing the structural and chemical properties of copper-based nanoparticles released from copper treated wood (dataset). Corporate Authors(s) : National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Published Date : 2022/05/11 DOI : https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHRD-1036-2022-0 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (2022). Revealing the structural and chemical properties of copper-based nanoparticles released from copper treated wood (dataset).. https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHRD-1036-2022-0 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health "Revealing the structural and chemical properties of copper-based nanoparticles released from copper treated wood (dataset)." (2022), https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHRD-1036-2022-0 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health "Revealing the structural and chemical properties of copper-based nanoparticles released from copper treated wood (dataset)." , 2022, https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHRD-1036-2022-0 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Research Dataset A2 - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AB - Copper-based preservatives consisting of micronized and nanoscale copper particles have been widely used in applications for wood protection. The presence of micronized/nanoscale particles and soluble aqueous copper in copper-treated wood has raised questions regarding the forms of released particles and the potential hazards of exposure during the use of these products. However, the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the chemistry of these Cu species is limiting the future investigation of the toxicity of these materials and their potential health impact on workers. In this work, we used a combination of scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) to analyze the particles released during the sanding/sawing of copper-treated lumber. We have demonstrated using EELS Cu L2,3 edges with comparative reference spectra to determine the Cu species. Three types of species, including basic copper carbonate (BCC), Cu(0), and Cu(II)-Wood complex, were identified in released wood dust particles. The unbound copper particles also exist as a form of BCC or reduced Cu(0). The morphologies and chemical states of emitted copper particles indicate the potential chemical transformation due to copper-wood interactions. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249300 DO - https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHRD-1036-2022-0 KW - Copper KW - Dust KW - Occupational Health KW - Particulate Matter KW - Safety KW - Spectrum Analysis KW - Toxicology KW - Wood KW - Copper; Copper compounds; Nanoparticles; Nanotoxicology; Scanning electron microscopy; Spectrographic analysis; Wood products; Wood dust; Particulates KW - Copper KW - Dust KW - Occupational Health KW - Particulate Matter KW - Safety KW - Spectrum Analysis KW - Toxicology KW - Wood LA - eng PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health PY - 2022/05/11 TI - Revealing the structural and chemical properties of copper-based nanoparticles released from copper treated wood (dataset). UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249300 ER -
Improved dry spinning process at elevated temperatures for making uniform and high strength CNT fibers.

Alvarex NT ;

Gbordzoe S

2018/06/20 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Issues associated with the dry spinning process were explored and addressed in this paper. Post-treatment of dry-spun Carbon Nanotube (CNT) fibers frequently includes solvent densification. This procedure was modified in our work to enhance mechanical strength of the fiber. The effect of n-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP) as a densifying solvent was stud ...

12/01/2025

Title : Improved dry spinning process at elevated temperatures for making uniform and high strength CNT fibers. Personal Author(s) : Alvarex NT;Gbordzoe S;Hsieh Y-Y;Kanakaraj SN;Lucas MS;Maruyama B;Noga R;Shanov V; Published Date : 2018/06/20 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249299 Alvarex NT et al. (2018). Improved dry spinning process at elevated temperatures for making uniform and high strength CNT fibers.. 5(6). Alvarex NT et al. "Improved dry spinning process at elevated temperatures for making uniform and high strength CNT fibers." 5, no. 6 (2018) Alvarex NT et al. "Improved dry spinning process at elevated temperatures for making uniform and high strength CNT fibers." vol. 5, no. 6, 2018 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Alvarex NT AU - Gbordzoe S AU - Hsieh Y-Y AU - Kanakaraj SN AU - Lucas MS AU - Maruyama B AU - Noga R AU - Shanov V AB - Issues associated with the dry spinning process were explored and addressed in this paper. Post-treatment of dry-spun Carbon Nanotube (CNT) fibers frequently includes solvent densification. This procedure was modified in our work to enhance mechanical strength of the fiber. The effect of n-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP) as a densifying solvent was studied at different temperatures within the range of 23 degrees C-153 degrees C. High temperature densified fibers revealed better load bearing (40% increase) and higher density compared to room temperature values, which translated to higher tensile strengths (1.2-1.3 GPa). A maximum tensile strength of 1.5 GPa was achieved with resistance assisted heating combined with NMP heating. However, all these properties, including the fiber diameter, varied depending on the position within the array from where the fibers were drawn. This was attributed to a gradation in the length of the CNT's along the location of the drawing area within the array.Improved fiber uniformity was achieved by drawing from opposite ends of CNT arrays simultaneously. This study enabled to improve the densification process and addressed a major fiber uniformity problem accompanying the dry spinning method. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249299 IS - 6 KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Carbon nanotubes; CNT; Nanomaterials; Tensile strength; Materials testing; KW - Author Keywords: CNT fiber; NMP; dry spinning; densification; uniformity; high strength; CNT array KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety LA - eng PY - 2018/06/20 TI - Improved dry spinning process at elevated temperatures for making uniform and high strength CNT fibers. VL - 5 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249299 ER -
Remote smartphone monitoring of Parkinson's disease and individual response to therapy.

Adams J ;

Bloem BR

2022/04/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Remote health assessments that gather real-world data (RWD) outside clinic settings require a clear understanding of appropriate methods for data collection, quality assessment, analysis and interpretation. Here we examine the performance and limitations of smartphones in collecting RWD in the remote mPower observational study of Parkinson's diseas ...

12/01/2025

Title : Remote smartphone monitoring of Parkinson's disease and individual response to therapy. Personal Author(s) : Adams J;Bloem BR;Bot BM;Chaibub Neto E;Dorsey ER;Elson M;Goldman SM;Kellen MR;Kieburtz K;Klein A;Little MA;Mangravite LM;Omberg L;Perumal TM;Pratap A;Schneider R;Suver C;Tanner CM;Tarolli C;Tediarjo A;Trister AD;Wilbanks J; Published Date : 2022/04/01 Pages in Document : 480-487 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249298 Adams J et al. (2022). Remote smartphone monitoring of Parkinson's disease and individual response to therapy.. 40(4). Adams J et al. "Remote smartphone monitoring of Parkinson's disease and individual response to therapy." 40, no. 4 (2022) Adams J et al. "Remote smartphone monitoring of Parkinson's disease and individual response to therapy." vol. 40, no. 4, 2022 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Adams J AU - Bloem BR AU - Bot BM AU - Chaibub Neto E AU - Dorsey ER AU - Elson M AU - Goldman SM AU - Kellen MR AU - Kieburtz K AU - Klein A AU - Little MA AU - Mangravite LM AU - Omberg L AU - Perumal TM AU - Pratap A AU - Schneider R AU - Suver C AU - Tanner CM AU - Tarolli C AU - Tediarjo A AU - Trister AD AU - Wilbanks J AB - Remote health assessments that gather real-world data (RWD) outside clinic settings require a clear understanding of appropriate methods for data collection, quality assessment, analysis and interpretation. Here we examine the performance and limitations of smartphones in collecting RWD in the remote mPower observational study of Parkinson's disease (PD). Within the first 6 months of study commencement, 960 participants had enrolled and performed at least five self-administered active PD symptom assessments (speeded tapping, gait/balance, phonation or memory). Task performance, especially speeded tapping, was predictive of self-reported PD status (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.8) and correlated with in-clinic evaluation of disease severity (r = 0.71; P < 1.8 × 10-6) when compared with motor Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). Although remote assessment requires careful consideration for accurate interpretation of RWD, our results support the use of smartphones and wearables in objective and personalized disease assessments. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249298 IS - 4 KW - Electrical Equipment and Supplies KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Women KW - Parkinsonism; Diseases; Monitoring systems; Electronic devices; Humans; Women; Task performance KW - Electrical Equipment and Supplies KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Women LA - eng PY - 2022/04/01 TI - Remote smartphone monitoring of Parkinson's disease and individual response to therapy. VL - 40 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249298 ER -
Indoor particulate matter and lung function in children.

Cox J ;

Grinshpun SA

2019/05/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

People generally spend more time indoors than outdoors resulting in a higher proportion of exposure to particulate matter (PM) occurring indoors. Consequently, indoor PM levels, in contrast to outdoor PM levels, may have a stronger relationship with lung function. To test this hypothesis, indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and fungal spore data were simultan ...

12/01/2025

Title : Indoor particulate matter and lung function in children. Personal Author(s) : Cox J;Grinshpun SA;Indugula R;Isiugo K;Jandarov R;Newman N;Reponen T;Ryan P;Vesper S; Published Date : 2019/05/01 Pages in Document : 408-417 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249297 Cox J et al. (2019). Indoor particulate matter and lung function in children.. 663 Cox J et al. "Indoor particulate matter and lung function in children." 663 (2019) Cox J et al. "Indoor particulate matter and lung function in children." vol. 663, 2019 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Cox J AU - Grinshpun SA AU - Indugula R AU - Isiugo K AU - Jandarov R AU - Newman N AU - Reponen T AU - Ryan P AU - Vesper S AB - People generally spend more time indoors than outdoors resulting in a higher proportion of exposure to particulate matter (PM) occurring indoors. Consequently, indoor PM levels, in contrast to outdoor PM levels, may have a stronger relationship with lung function. To test this hypothesis, indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and fungal spore data were simultaneously collected from the homes of forty-four asthmatic children aged 10-16 years. An optical absorption technique was utilized on the collected PM2.5 mass to obtain concentrations of black carbon (BC) and ultraviolet light absorbing particulate matter, (UVPM; a marker of light absorbing PM2.5 emitted from smoldering organics). Enrolled children completed spirometry after environmental measurements were made. Given the high correlation between PM2.5, BC, and UVPM, principal component analysis was used to obtain uncorrelated summaries of the measured PM. Separate linear mixed-effect models were developed to estimate the association between principal components of the PM variables and spirometry values, as well as the uncorrelated original PM variables and spirometry values. A one-unit increase in the first principal component variable representing indoor PM (predominantly composed of UVPM and PM2.5) was associated with 4.1% decrease (99% CI = -6.9, -1.4) in FEV1/FVC ratio. 11.3 µg/m3 increase in indoor UVPM was associated with 6.4% and 14.7% decrease (99% CI = -10.4, -2.4 and 99% CI = -26.3, -2.9, respectively) in percent predicted FEV1/FVC ratio and FEF25-75 respectively. Additionally, 17.7 µg/m3 increase in indoor PM2.5 was associated with 6.1% and 12.9% decrease (99% CI = -10.2, -1.9 and 99% CI = -24.9, -1.0, respectively) in percent predicted FEV1/FVC ratio and FEF25-75, respectively. Outdoor PM, indoor BC, and indoor fungal spores were not significantly associated with lung function. The results indicate that indoor PM is more strongly associated with lung function in children with asthma as compared with outdoor PM. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249297 KW - Adolescent KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Asthma KW - Asthma, Occupational KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Lung KW - Occupational Health KW - Particulate Matter KW - Respiratory System KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases KW - Safety KW - Indoor environments; Indoor air pollution; Particulates; Environmental exposure; Children; Adolescents; Lung function; Respiratory diseases; Asthma; KW - Author Keywords: Indoor particles; Lung function; Asthmatic children; Outdoor particles; Light absorbing particles KW - Adolescent KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Asthma KW - Asthma, Occupational KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Lung KW - Occupational Health KW - Particulate Matter KW - Respiratory System KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases KW - Safety LA - eng PY - 2019/05/01 TI - Indoor particulate matter and lung function in children. VL - 663 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249297 ER -
Predicting indoor concentrations of black carbon in residential environments.

Chillrud S ;

Cox J

2019/03/15 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Black carbon (BC) is a descriptive term that refers to light-absorbing particulate matter (PM) produced by incomplete combustion and is often used as a surrogate for traffic-related air pollution. Exposure to BC has been linked to adverse health effects. Penetration of ambient BC is typically the primary source of indoor BC in the developed world. ...

12/01/2025

Title : Predicting indoor concentrations of black carbon in residential environments. Personal Author(s) : Chillrud S;Cox J;Grinshpun SA;Hyttinen M;Isiugo K;Jandarov R;Reponen T;Ross J;Wang J;Yermakov M; Published Date : 2019/03/15 Pages in Document : 223-230 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249296 Chillrud S et al. (2019). Predicting indoor concentrations of black carbon in residential environments.. 201 Chillrud S et al. "Predicting indoor concentrations of black carbon in residential environments." 201 (2019) Chillrud S et al. "Predicting indoor concentrations of black carbon in residential environments." vol. 201, 2019 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Chillrud S AU - Cox J AU - Grinshpun SA AU - Hyttinen M AU - Isiugo K AU - Jandarov R AU - Reponen T AU - Ross J AU - Wang J AU - Yermakov M AB - Black carbon (BC) is a descriptive term that refers to light-absorbing particulate matter (PM) produced by incomplete combustion and is often used as a surrogate for traffic-related air pollution. Exposure to BC has been linked to adverse health effects. Penetration of ambient BC is typically the primary source of indoor BC in the developed world. Other sources of indoor BC include biomass and kerosene stoves, lit candles, and charring food during cooking. Home characteristics can influence the levels of indoor BC. As people spend most of their time indoors, human exposure to BC can be associated to a large extent with indoor environments. At the same time, due to the cost of environmental monitoring, it is often not feasible to directly measure BC inside multiple individual homes in large-scale population-based studies. Thus, a predictive model for indoor BC is needed to support risk assessment in public health. In this study, home characteristics and occupant activities that potentially modify indoor levels of BC were documented in 23 homes, and indoor and outdoor BC concentrations were measured twice. The homes were located in the Cincinnati-Kentucky-Indiana tristate region and measurements occurred from September 2015 through August 2017. A linear mixed-effect model was developed to predict BC concentration in residential environments. The measured outdoor BC concentrations and the documented home characteristics were utilized as predictors of indoor BC concentrations. After the model was developed, a leave-one-out cross-validation algorithm was deployed to assess the predictive accuracy of the output. The following home characteristics and occupant activities significantly modified the concentration of indoor BC: outdoor BC, lit candles and electrostatic or high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters in heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Predicted indoor BC concentrations explained 78% of the variability in the measured indoor BC concentrations. The data show that outdoor BC combined with home characteristics can be used to predict indoor BC levels with reasonable accuracy. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249296 KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Occupational Health KW - Particulate Matter KW - Safety KW - Indoor environments; Indoor air pollution; Particulates; Environmental exposure; Models; Automotive emissions; Heating systems; High-efficiency particulate air filters; HEPA filters; KW - Author Keywords: Black carbon; Exposure; Modeling; Estimation KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Occupational Health KW - Particulate Matter KW - Safety LA - eng PY - 2019/03/15 TI - Predicting indoor concentrations of black carbon in residential environments. VL - 201 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249296 ER -
Simultaneous modeling of detection rate and exposure concentration using semi-continuous models to identify exposure determinants when left-censored data may be a true zero.

Albert PS ;

Choo-Wosoba H

2021/11/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Background: Most methods for treating left-censored data assume the analyte is present but not quantified. Biased estimates may result if the analyte is absent such that the unobserved data represents a mixed exposure distribution with an unknown proportion clustered at zero. Objective: We used semi-continuous models to identify time and industry t ...

12/01/2025

Title : Simultaneous modeling of detection rate and exposure concentration using semi-continuous models to identify exposure determinants when left-censored data may be a true zero. Personal Author(s) : Albert PS;Choo-Wosoba H;Deziel NC;Dopart P;Friesen MC;Hwang J;Lavoué J;Russ DE;Sarazin P;Zhu B; Published Date : 2021/11/01 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249295 Albert PS et al. (2021). Simultaneous modeling of detection rate and exposure concentration using semi-continuous models to identify exposure determinants when left-censored data may be a true zero.. 31(6). Albert PS et al. "Simultaneous modeling of detection rate and exposure concentration using semi-continuous models to identify exposure determinants when left-censored data may be a true zero." 31, no. 6 (2021) Albert PS et al. "Simultaneous modeling of detection rate and exposure concentration using semi-continuous models to identify exposure determinants when left-censored data may be a true zero." vol. 31, no. 6, 2021 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Albert PS AU - Choo-Wosoba H AU - Deziel NC AU - Dopart P AU - Friesen MC AU - Hwang J AU - Lavoué J AU - Russ DE AU - Sarazin P AU - Zhu B AB - Background: Most methods for treating left-censored data assume the analyte is present but not quantified. Biased estimates may result if the analyte is absent such that the unobserved data represents a mixed exposure distribution with an unknown proportion clustered at zero. Objective: We used semi-continuous models to identify time and industry trends in 52,457 OSHA inspection lead sample results. Method: The first component of the semi-continuous model predicted the probability of detecting concentrations ≥ 0.007 mg/m3 (highest estimated detection limit, 62% of measurements). The second component predicted the median concentration of measurements ≥ 0.007 mg/m3. Both components included a random-effect for industry and fixed-effects for year, industry group, analytical method, and other variables. We used the two components together to predict median industry- and time-specific lead concentrations. Results: The probabilities of detectable concentrations and the median detected concentrations decreased with year; both were also lower for measurements analyzed for multiple (vs. one) metals and for those analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma (vs. atomic absorption spectroscopy). The covariance was 0.30 (standard error = 0.06), confirming the two components were correlated. Significance: We identified determinants of exposure in data with over 60% left-censored, while accounting for correlated relationships and without assuming a distribution for the censored data. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249295 IS - 6 KW - Biomarkers KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Epidemiology KW - Lead KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Statistical analysis; Statistical quality control; Epidemiology; Exposure assessment; Environmental exposure; Lead; Sampling methods; Biomarkers; KW - Author Keywords: statistical modeling; left-censored data; occupational lead exposure KW - Biomarkers KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Epidemiology KW - Lead KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety LA - eng PY - 2021/11/01 TI - Simultaneous modeling of detection rate and exposure concentration using semi-continuous models to identify exposure determinants when left-censored data may be a true zero. VL - 31 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249295 ER -
Maternal occupational exposures and fetal growth in a Spanish birth cohort.

Ballester F ;

Casas M

2022/04/07 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

While the epidemiologic literature suggests certain maternal occupational exposures may be associated with reduced measures of size at birth, the occupational literature employing fetal biometry data to assess fetal growth is sparse. The present study examines associations between maternal occupational exposures and ultrasound-measured fetal growth ...

12/01/2025

Title : Maternal occupational exposures and fetal growth in a Spanish birth cohort. Personal Author(s) : Ballester F;Casas M;Delclos GL;Guxens M;Ibarluzea J;Iniguez C;Ish J;Ruiz de Porras DG;Santa-Marina L;Swartz MD;Symanski, Elaine;Whitworth KW; Published Date : 2022/04/07 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249294 Ballester F et al. (2022). Maternal occupational exposures and fetal growth in a Spanish birth cohort.. 17(4). Ballester F et al. "Maternal occupational exposures and fetal growth in a Spanish birth cohort." 17, no. 4 (2022) Ballester F et al. "Maternal occupational exposures and fetal growth in a Spanish birth cohort." vol. 17, no. 4, 2022 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Ballester F AU - Casas M AU - Delclos GL AU - Guxens M AU - Ibarluzea J AU - Iniguez C AU - Ish J AU - Ruiz de Porras DG AU - Santa-Marina L AU - Swartz MD AU - Symanski, Elaine AU - Whitworth KW AB - While the epidemiologic literature suggests certain maternal occupational exposures may be associated with reduced measures of size at birth, the occupational literature employing fetal biometry data to assess fetal growth is sparse. The present study examines associations between maternal occupational exposures and ultrasound-measured fetal growth. We included 1,739 singleton pregnancies from the INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) project (2003-2008). At 32 weeks of pregnancy, interviewers ascertained mothers' employment status and assessed job-related physical loads, work schedules, and job strain during pregnancy. Job titles were linked to a job-exposure matrix to estimate exposure to 10 endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) groups. We calculated z-scores from longitudinal growth curves representing trajectories from 0-12, 12-20 and 20-34 gestational weeks for abdominal circumference (AC), biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW). Linear mixed models clustered by IMNA region (i.e., Gipuzkoa, Sabadell, Valencia) were used to examine associations between occupational exposures and fetal growth. Effect estimates are presented as percentage change in fetal growth. There was limited evidence of associations between work-related non-chemical stressors and fetal growth. We observed associations of similar magnitude between multiple EDC groups and decreased EFW trajectories during 20-34 gestational weeks (phthalates: -1.4% [-3.5, 0.6%]; alkylphenolic compounds (APCs): -1.1% [-2.3, 0.1%]; miscellaneous chemicals: -1.5% [-3.7, 0.8%]), while miscellaneous chemicals were associated with increased BPD from 12-20 weeks (2.1% [0.8, 3.5%]). Notably, 67% of women exposed to phthalates were hairdressers; 68% of women exposed to APCs worked as domestic cleaners. In conclusion, we found limited evidence that maternal occupational exposures impact fetal growth. Further research should consider the combined impact of multiple workplace exposures. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249294 IS - 4 KW - Endocrine System KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Epidemiology KW - Fetus KW - Occupational Health KW - Phthalic Acids KW - Pregnancy KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Safety KW - Stress, Psychological KW - Women KW - Workplace KW - Humans; Women; Exposure levels; Risk factors; Pregnancy; Prenatal exposure; Fetus; Growth rate; Epidemiology; Statistical analysis; Ultrasound; Physical capacity; Workers; Work environment; Work schedules; Job stress; Endocrine disruptors; Models; Phthalates; Alkylphenols; Chemicals; Hairdressers; Household workers KW - Endocrine System KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Epidemiology KW - Fetus KW - Occupational Health KW - Phthalic Acids KW - Pregnancy KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Safety KW - Stress, Psychological KW - Women KW - Workplace LA - eng PY - 2022/04/07 TI - Maternal occupational exposures and fetal growth in a Spanish birth cohort. VL - 17 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249294 ER -
Personal and area exposure assessment at a stainless steel fabrication facility: an evaluation of inhalable, time-resolved PM10, and bioavailable airborne metals.

Adams K ;

Dickinson LM

2021/02/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

This study describes a comprehensive exposure assessment in a stainless steel welding facility, measuring personal inhalable PM and metals, time-resolved PM10 area metals, and the bioavailable fraction of area inhalable metals. Eighteen participants wore personal inhalable samplers for two, nonconsecutive shifts. Area inhalable samplers and a time- ...

12/01/2025

Title : Personal and area exposure assessment at a stainless steel fabrication facility: an evaluation of inhalable, time-resolved PM10, and bioavailable airborne metals. Personal Author(s) : Adams K;Dickinson LM;Koehler K;Newton A;Serdar B; Published Date : 2021/02/01 Pages in Document : 90-100 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249293 Adams K et al. (2021). Personal and area exposure assessment at a stainless steel fabrication facility: an evaluation of inhalable, time-resolved PM10, and bioavailable airborne metals.. 18(2). Adams K et al. "Personal and area exposure assessment at a stainless steel fabrication facility: an evaluation of inhalable, time-resolved PM10, and bioavailable airborne metals." 18, no. 2 (2021) Adams K et al. "Personal and area exposure assessment at a stainless steel fabrication facility: an evaluation of inhalable, time-resolved PM10, and bioavailable airborne metals." vol. 18, no. 2, 2021 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Adams K AU - Dickinson LM AU - Koehler K AU - Newton A AU - Serdar B AB - This study describes a comprehensive exposure assessment in a stainless steel welding facility, measuring personal inhalable PM and metals, time-resolved PM10 area metals, and the bioavailable fraction of area inhalable metals. Eighteen participants wore personal inhalable samplers for two, nonconsecutive shifts. Area inhalable samplers and a time-resolved PM10 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer were used in different work areas each sampling day. Inhalable and bioavailable metals were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Median exposures to chromium, nickel, and manganese across all measured shifts were 66 (range: 13-300) µg/m3, 29 (5.7-132) µg/m3, and 22 (1.5-119) µg/m3, respectively. Most exposure variation was seen between workers (0.79 < ICC < 0.55), although cobalt and inhalable PM showed most variation within workers. Manganese was the most bioavailable metal from the inhalable size fraction (16 +/- 3%), and chromium and nickel were 1.2 +/- 0.08% and 2.6 +/- 1.2% bioavailable, respectively. This comprehensive approach to welding-fume exposure assessment can allow for targeted approaches to controlling exposures based not only on individual measurements, but also on metal-specific measures and assessments of bioavailability. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249293 IS - 2 KW - Metals KW - Occupational Health KW - Particulate Matter KW - Respiratory System KW - Safety KW - Welding KW - Exposure assessment; Stainless steel; Welding; Metal compounds; Metals; X-ray fluorescence analysis; Inhalation; Welding fumes; Particulates; KW - Author Keywords: bioavailability; chromium; exposure; manganese; nickel; particulate matter; respiratory health; welding fumes KW - Metals KW - Occupational Health KW - Particulate Matter KW - Respiratory System KW - Safety KW - Welding LA - eng PY - 2021/02/01 TI - Personal and area exposure assessment at a stainless steel fabrication facility: an evaluation of inhalable, time-resolved PM10, and bioavailable airborne metals. VL - 18 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249293 ER -
Prehospital hypoxemia, measured by pulse oximetry, predicts hospital outcomes during the New York City COVID-19 pandemic.

Alexandrou NA ;

Asaeda G

2021/03/17 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Objective: To determine if oxygen saturation (out-of-hospital SpO2), measured by New York City (NYC) 9-1-1 Emergency Medical Services (EMS), was an independent predictor of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in-hospital mortality and length of stay, after controlling for the competing risk of death. If so, out-of-hospital SpO2 could be useful for ...

12/01/2025

Title : Prehospital hypoxemia, measured by pulse oximetry, predicts hospital outcomes during the New York City COVID-19 pandemic. Personal Author(s) : Alexandrou NA;Asaeda G;Ben-Eli D;Braun J;Gonzalez D;Hall CB;Isaacs D;Kaufman B;Lai PH;Lancet EA;Natsui S;Nolan A;Philippou C;Prezant DJ;Reisman N;Teo H;Wei E;Weiden MD;Zabar B;Zeig-Owens R; Published Date : 2021/03/17 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249292 Alexandrou NA et al. (2021). Prehospital hypoxemia, measured by pulse oximetry, predicts hospital outcomes during the New York City COVID-19 pandemic.. 2(2). Alexandrou NA et al. "Prehospital hypoxemia, measured by pulse oximetry, predicts hospital outcomes during the New York City COVID-19 pandemic." 2, no. 2 (2021) Alexandrou NA et al. "Prehospital hypoxemia, measured by pulse oximetry, predicts hospital outcomes during the New York City COVID-19 pandemic." vol. 2, no. 2, 2021 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Alexandrou NA AU - Asaeda G AU - Ben-Eli D AU - Braun J AU - Gonzalez D AU - Hall CB AU - Isaacs D AU - Kaufman B AU - Lai PH AU - Lancet EA AU - Natsui S AU - Nolan A AU - Philippou C AU - Prezant DJ AU - Reisman N AU - Teo H AU - Wei E AU - Weiden MD AU - Zabar B AU - Zeig-Owens R AB - Objective: To determine if oxygen saturation (out-of-hospital SpO2), measured by New York City (NYC) 9-1-1 Emergency Medical Services (EMS), was an independent predictor of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in-hospital mortality and length of stay, after controlling for the competing risk of death. If so, out-of-hospital SpO2 could be useful for initial triage. Methods: A population-based longitudinal study of adult patients transported by EMS to emergency departments (ED) between March 5 and April 30, 2020 (the NYC COVID-19 peak period). Inclusion required EMS prehospital SpO2 measurement while breathing room air, transport to emergency department, and a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test. Multivariable logistic regression modeled mortality as a function of prehospital SpO2, controlling for covariates (age, sex, race/ethnicity, and comorbidities). A competing risk model also was performed to estimate the absolute risks of out-of-hospital SpO2 on the cumulative incidence of being discharged from the hospital alive. Results: In 1673 patients, out-of-hospital SpO2 and age were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality and length of stay, after controlling for the competing risk of death. Among patients =66 years old, the probability of death was 26% with an out-of-hospital SpO2 >90% versus 54% with an out-of-hospital SpO2 ≤90%. Among patients <66 years old, the probability of death was 11.5% with an out-of-hospital SpO2 >90% versus 31% with an out-of-hospital SpO2 ≤ 90%. An out-of-hospital SpO2 level =90% was associated with over 50% decreased likelihood of being discharged alive, regardless of age. Conclusions: Out-of-hospital SpO2 and age predicted in-hospital mortality and length of stay: An out-of-hospital SpO2 ≤90% strongly supports a triage decision for immediate hospital admission. For out-of-hospital SpO2 >90%, the decision to admit depends on multiple factors, including age, resource availability (outpatient vs inpatient), and the potential impact of new treatments. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249292 IS - 2 KW - Communicable Diseases KW - Delivery of Health Care KW - Emergency Responders KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Viral Diseases KW - Viral diseases; Infectious diseases; Coronavirus; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Oxygen levels; Population based studies; Longitudinal study; Emergency care; Medical care KW - Communicable Diseases KW - Delivery of Health Care KW - Emergency Responders KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Viral Diseases LA - eng PY - 2021/03/17 TI - Prehospital hypoxemia, measured by pulse oximetry, predicts hospital outcomes during the New York City COVID-19 pandemic. VL - 2 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249292 ER -

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