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Showing 1561 - 1580 of 1966 results

Surveillance of acute nonfatal occupational inhalation injuries treated in US hospital emergency departments, 2014-2017.

Hendricks, Kitty J. ;

Javurek ABR

2022/08/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Background: Acute nonfatal occupational inhalation injuries are caused by exposures to airborne toxicants and contaminants in the workplace. A 1990s study found that US emergency department (ED)-based inhalation injury rates were higher than those seen in the United Kingdom and Canada. This study examines 4 years of hospital ED data to estimate cur ...

12/01/2025

Title : Surveillance of acute nonfatal occupational inhalation injuries treated in US hospital emergency departments, 2014-2017. Personal Author(s) : Hendricks, Kitty J.;Javurek ABR;Layne LA;Schleiff, Patricia L.; Published Date : 2022/08/01 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249411 Hendricks, Kitty J. et al. (2022). Surveillance of acute nonfatal occupational inhalation injuries treated in US hospital emergency departments, 2014-2017.. 65(8). Hendricks, Kitty J. et al. "Surveillance of acute nonfatal occupational inhalation injuries treated in US hospital emergency departments, 2014-2017." 65, no. 8 (2022) Hendricks, Kitty J. et al. "Surveillance of acute nonfatal occupational inhalation injuries treated in US hospital emergency departments, 2014-2017." vol. 65, no. 8, 2022 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Hendricks, Kitty J. AU - Javurek ABR AU - Layne LA AU - Schleiff, Patricia L. AB - Background: Acute nonfatal occupational inhalation injuries are caused by exposures to airborne toxicants and contaminants in the workplace. A 1990s study found that US emergency department (ED)-based inhalation injury rates were higher than those seen in the United Kingdom and Canada. This study examines 4 years of hospital ED data to estimate current rates of occupational inhalation injuries. Methods: Data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Occupational Supplement were used to identify nonfatal occupational inhalation injuries treated in US hospital EDs from 2014 to 2017. A workplace inhalation injury was defined as any worker treated in an ED as a result of inhaling a harmful substance at work. Results: From 2014 to 2017, there were an estimated 2.2 occupational inhalation injuries per 10,000 full-time equivalents (FTE) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6-2.8) treated in EDs, a rate nearly four times that found in Bureau of Labor Statistics data. Although men incurred 60% (95% CI: 56%-64%) of the injuries, the overall injury rates for men and women were similar at 2.3 (95% CI: 1.7-2.9) and 2.1 (95% CI: 1.4-2.7) per 10,000 FTE, respectively. By age group, workers less than 25 years of age were at greater risk of injury at 4.1 injuries per 10,000 FTE (95% CI: 2.8-5.3). Conclusions: These results illustrate the burden of nonfatal occupational inhalation injuries, providing an understanding of how injuries are distributed based on demographics. While inhalation injury rates have declined over the last two decades, additional research is needed to determine whether interventions have reduced risk, or if the availability of alternate sources of medical treatment is a factor. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249411 IS - 8 KW - Aging KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Demography KW - Emergency Responders KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Men KW - Occupational Health KW - Particulate Matter KW - Respiratory System KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Safety KW - Women KW - Surveillance; Inhalation; Injuries; Emergency treatment; Airborne particulates; Toxins; Workers; Hazards; Statistical analysis; Humans; Men; Women; Age groups; Demographic characteristics; Intervention; Risk factors; KW - Author Keywords: inhalation; injury; occupational surveillance KW - Aging KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Demography KW - Emergency Responders KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Men KW - Occupational Health KW - Particulate Matter KW - Respiratory System KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Safety KW - Women LA - eng PY - 2022/08/01 TI - Surveillance of acute nonfatal occupational inhalation injuries treated in US hospital emergency departments, 2014-2017. VL - 65 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249411 ER -
Marginal analysis of exposure data with repeated measures and non-detects.

Bertke SJ ;

Chen I-C

2022/05/09 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Exposure data with repeated measures from occupational studies are commonly right-skewed and in the presence of detection limits. The use of linear mixed effects models incorporating maximum likelihood method for repeated measures data with non-detects has been discussed to model log-normal exposure outcomes. However, this modeling has a disadvanta ...

12/01/2025

Title : Marginal analysis of exposure data with repeated measures and non-detects. Personal Author(s) : Bertke SJ;Chen I-C;Estill, Cheryl F.; Published Date : 2022/05/09 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249410 Bertke SJ et al. (2022). Marginal analysis of exposure data with repeated measures and non-detects.. Bertke SJ and Chen I-C and Estill, Cheryl F. "Marginal analysis of exposure data with repeated measures and non-detects." (2022) Bertke SJ et al. "Marginal analysis of exposure data with repeated measures and non-detects." , 2022 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Bertke SJ AU - Chen I-C AU - Estill, Cheryl F. AB - Exposure data with repeated measures from occupational studies are commonly right-skewed and in the presence of detection limits. The use of linear mixed effects models incorporating maximum likelihood method for repeated measures data with non-detects has been discussed to model log-normal exposure outcomes. However, this modeling has a disadvantage that assumes a correctly specified distribution for the random effect, which is practically unknown, and the estimation methods can result in bias and imprecision in finite-sample data even when distributional assumptions are met. In contrast with random effects modeling, which addresses subject-specific means by explicitly modeling subject-to-subject heterogeneity for the regression parameters, marginal modeling provides an alternative to analyzing data with repeated measurements, in which the parameter interpretations are with respect to marginal or population-averaged means. The interpretations are the same as for the ordinary linear regression, but in the presence of correlated data. In this study, we outline the theories of three marginal models, i.e., generalized estimating equations (GEE), quadratic inference functions (QIF), and generalized method of moments. With these approaches, we propose to incorporate the fill-in methods, including single and multiple value imputation techniques, such that any measurements less than the limit of detection are assigned values. In a simulation study and application examples, we demonstrate that the GEE method works well in terms of estimating the regression parameters, particularly in small sample sizes, while the QIF outperforms in large-sample settings, as parameter estimates are consistent and have relatively smaller mean squared error. No specific fill-in method can be deemed superior as each has its own merits. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249410 KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Exposure assessment; Limit of detection; LOD; Statistical analysis; Statistical quality control; Mathematical models; Environmental exposure; KW - Author Keywords: marginal analysis; left censoring; right skewness; limit of detection; repeated measures; environmental exposure KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety LA - eng PY - 2022/05/09 TI - Marginal analysis of exposure data with repeated measures and non-detects. UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249410 ER -
Managing the work-family interface.

Shockley KM

2018/01/30 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Workforce changes in demographic composition, work attitudes, and employer expectations have led to increased attention to the interaction of employees' work and family lives. Work-family studies gained initial traction in the early 1980s, and it is currently a major area of study within work psychology. This chapter introduces the reader to basic ...

12/01/2025

Title : Managing the work-family interface. Personal Author(s) : Shockley KM Published Date : 2018/01/30 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249409 Shockley KM (2018). Managing the work-family interface.. Shockley KM "Managing the work-family interface." (2018) Shockley KM "Managing the work-family interface." , 2018 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Book AU - Shockley KM AB - Workforce changes in demographic composition, work attitudes, and employer expectations have led to increased attention to the interaction of employees' work and family lives. Work-family studies gained initial traction in the early 1980s, and it is currently a major area of study within work psychology. This chapter introduces the reader to basic constructs, including work-family balance, conflict, and enrichment and discusses research surrounding the domain-specific and domain-unspecific correlates of these constructs. Next it offers information regarding solutions from both the standpoint of organizations and national legislation. The chapter then presents a discussion of future research ideas. The study of the work and family interface is an important topic for many employed individuals. As the workforce continues to change, its significance will only grow. Although there is a substantial amount of previous research devoted to understanding work-family constructs, their correlates, and organizational and governmental initiatives, there is substantial room for additional research to understand contemporary issues as well as micro-processes. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249409 KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Work-family balance; Attitude; Management personnel; Occupational psychology; Work-life balance KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety LA - eng PB - SAGE Publishing PY - 2018/01/30 TI - Managing the work-family interface. UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249409 ER -
The effects of age and type of carrying task on lower extremity kinematics.

Gillette JC ;

Meardon SA

2010/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of age, load amount and load symmetry on lower extremity kinematics during carrying tasks. Forty-two participants in four age groups (8-10 years, 12-14 years, 15-17 years and adults) carried loads of 0%, 10% and 20% body weight (BW) in large or small buckets unilaterally and bilaterally. Reflec ...

12/01/2025

Title : The effects of age and type of carrying task on lower extremity kinematics. Personal Author(s) : Gillette JC;Meardon SA;Miller RH;Schwab CV;Stevermer CA; Published Date : 2010/03/01 Pages in Document : 355-364 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249408 Gillette JC et al. (2010). The effects of age and type of carrying task on lower extremity kinematics.. 53(3). Gillette JC et al. "The effects of age and type of carrying task on lower extremity kinematics." 53, no. 3 (2010) Gillette JC et al. "The effects of age and type of carrying task on lower extremity kinematics." vol. 53, no. 3, 2010 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Gillette JC AU - Meardon SA AU - Miller RH AU - Schwab CV AU - Stevermer CA AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of age, load amount and load symmetry on lower extremity kinematics during carrying tasks. Forty-two participants in four age groups (8-10 years, 12-14 years, 15-17 years and adults) carried loads of 0%, 10% and 20% body weight (BW) in large or small buckets unilaterally and bilaterally. Reflective markers were tracked to determine total joint range of motion and maximum joint angles during the stance phase of walking. Maximum hip extension, hip adduction and hip internal rotation angles were significantly greater for each of the child/adolescent age groups as compared with adults. In addition, maximum hip internal rotation angles significantly increased when carrying a 20% BW load. The observation that the 8-10-year-old age group carried the lightest absolute loads and still displayed the highest maximum hip internal rotation angles suggests a particular necessity in setting carrying guidelines for the youngest children. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249408 IS - 3 KW - Agriculture KW - Biomechanical Phenomena KW - Ergonomics KW - Farmers KW - Musculoskeletal System KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Biomechanics; Children; Farm workers; Agricultural workers; Agriculture; Lifting; Lower extremities; Muscle function; Posture; Ergonomics; KW - Author Keywords: biomechanics; gait; load carriage; youth KW - Agriculture KW - Biomechanical Phenomena KW - Ergonomics KW - Farmers KW - Musculoskeletal System KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety LA - eng PY - 2010/03/01 TI - The effects of age and type of carrying task on lower extremity kinematics. VL - 53 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249408 ER -
Meta-analysis as a tool to synthesize global work-family research findings.

Allen TD ;

Dumani S

2018/04/16 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

This chapter provides an in-depth overview of adopting a meta-analytical approach to understand the work-family interface from a cross-cultural perspective. The chapter first introduces a concise and comprehensive summary of existing meta-analytical studies on work and family research with a particular discussion of culture-specific factors. The ch ...

12/01/2025

Title : Meta-analysis as a tool to synthesize global work-family research findings. Personal Author(s) : Allen TD;Dumani S;French KA; Published Date : 2018/04/16 Pages in Document : 156-178 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249407 Allen TD et al. (2018). Meta-analysis as a tool to synthesize global work-family research findings.. Allen TD and Dumani S and French KA "Meta-analysis as a tool to synthesize global work-family research findings." (2018) Allen TD et al. "Meta-analysis as a tool to synthesize global work-family research findings." , 2018 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Book AU - Allen TD AU - Dumani S AU - French KA AB - This chapter provides an in-depth overview of adopting a meta-analytical approach to understand the work-family interface from a cross-cultural perspective. The chapter first introduces a concise and comprehensive summary of existing meta-analytical studies on work and family research with a particular discussion of culture-specific factors. The chapter then guides readers on how to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis. In this section, the authors share specific lessons they have learned from conducting their own cross-cultural meta-analytic studies. Future directions in cross-cultural work-family meta-analysis are further discussed. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249407 KW - Demography KW - Family KW - Men KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Women KW - Analytical methods; Work-life balance; Families; Workers; Humans; Men; Women; Sociological factors; Employees; Demographic characteristics KW - Demography KW - Family KW - Men KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Women LA - eng PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2018/04/16 TI - Meta-analysis as a tool to synthesize global work-family research findings. UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249407 ER -
Exposure to lead-free frangible firing emissions containing copper and ultrafine particulates leads to increased oxidative stress in firing range instructors.

Duran CM ;

Edwards BT

2022/05/15 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Background: Since the introduction of copper based, lead-free frangible (LFF) ammunition to Air Force small arms firing ranges, instructors have reported symptoms including chest tightness, respiratory irritation, and metallic taste. These symptoms have been reported despite measurements determining that instructor exposure does not exceed establis ...

12/01/2025

Title : Exposure to lead-free frangible firing emissions containing copper and ultrafine particulates leads to increased oxidative stress in firing range instructors. Personal Author(s) : Duran CM;Edwards BT;Hatch JP;Hyder LS;Jackson JM;Jaworek T;Kirsh JA;McNeilly RJ;Methner, Mark M.;Schwanekamp JA; Published Date : 2022/05/15 Pages in Document : 36 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249406 Duran CM et al. (2022). Exposure to lead-free frangible firing emissions containing copper and ultrafine particulates leads to increased oxidative stress in firing range instructors.. 19 Duran CM et al. "Exposure to lead-free frangible firing emissions containing copper and ultrafine particulates leads to increased oxidative stress in firing range instructors." 19 (2022) Duran CM et al. "Exposure to lead-free frangible firing emissions containing copper and ultrafine particulates leads to increased oxidative stress in firing range instructors." vol. 19, 2022 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Duran CM AU - Edwards BT AU - Hatch JP AU - Hyder LS AU - Jackson JM AU - Jaworek T AU - Kirsh JA AU - McNeilly RJ AU - Methner, Mark M. AU - Schwanekamp JA AB - Background: Since the introduction of copper based, lead-free frangible (LFF) ammunition to Air Force small arms firing ranges, instructors have reported symptoms including chest tightness, respiratory irritation, and metallic taste. These symptoms have been reported despite measurements determining that instructor exposure does not exceed established occupational exposure limits (OELs). The disconnect between reported symptoms and exposure limits may be due to a limited understanding of LFF firing byproducts and subsequent health effects. A comprehensive characterization of exposure to instructors was completed, including ventilation system evaluation, personal monitoring, symptom tracking, and biomarker analysis, at both a partially enclosed and fully enclosed range. Results: Instructors reported symptoms more frequently after M4 rifle classes compared to classes firing only the M9 pistol. Ventilation measurements demonstrated that airflow velocities at the firing line were highly variable and often outside established standards at both ranges. Personal breathing zone air monitoring showed exposure to carbon monoxide, ultrafine particulate, and metals. In general, exposure to instructors was higher at the partially enclosed range compared to the fully enclosed range. Copper measured in the breathing zone of instructors, on rare occasions, approached OELs for copper fume (0.1 mg/m3). Peak carbon monoxide concentrations were 4-5 times higher at the partially enclosed range compared to the enclosed range and occasionally exceeded the ceiling limit (125 ppm). Biological monitoring showed that lung function was maintained in instructors despite respiratory symptoms. However, urinary oxidative stress biomarkers and urinary copper measurements were increased in instructors compared to control groups. Conclusions: Consistent with prior work, this study demonstrates that symptoms still occurred despite exposures below OELs. Routine monitoring of symptoms, urinary metals, and oxidative stress biomarkers can help identify instructors who are particularly affected by exposures. These results can assist in guiding protective measures to reduce exposure and protect instructor health. Further, a longitudinal study is needed to determine the long-term health consequences of LFF firing emissions exposure. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249406 KW - Biomarkers KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - Copper KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Ventilation KW - Firearms; Firing ranges; Copper; Ultrafine particles; Biomarkers; Oxidative stress; Ventilation systems; Breathing zone; Military personnel; KW - Author Keywords: Exposure assessment; Biomarkers; Ultrafne particulate; Firing range; Carbon monoxide; Copper; Oxidative stress; Ventilation KW - Biomarkers KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - Copper KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Ventilation LA - eng PY - 2022/05/15 TI - Exposure to lead-free frangible firing emissions containing copper and ultrafine particulates leads to increased oxidative stress in firing range instructors. VL - 19 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249406 ER -
School-sponsored work programs: a first look at differences in work and injury outcomes of teens enrolled in school-to-work programs compared to other-working teens.

Anderson HA ;

Appana S

2011/11/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Objectives: To evaluate work experiences among teens enrolled in school-sponsored work (SSW) programs and compare the findings to other-working teens. This study, the first to assess work-related safety and health for teens in SSW programs, includes teens working one job and teens working multiple jobs. Methods: A survey was conducted among 6810 te ...

12/01/2025

Title : School-sponsored work programs: a first look at differences in work and injury outcomes of teens enrolled in school-to-work programs compared to other-working teens. Personal Author(s) : Anderson HA;Appana S;Zierold KM; Published Date : 2011/11/01 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249405 Anderson HA et al. (2011). School-sponsored work programs: a first look at differences in work and injury outcomes of teens enrolled in school-to-work programs compared to other-working teens.. 68(11). Anderson HA and Appana S and Zierold KM "School-sponsored work programs: a first look at differences in work and injury outcomes of teens enrolled in school-to-work programs compared to other-working teens." 68, no. 11 (2011) Anderson HA et al. "School-sponsored work programs: a first look at differences in work and injury outcomes of teens enrolled in school-to-work programs compared to other-working teens." vol. 68, no. 11, 2011 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Anderson HA AU - Appana S AU - Zierold KM AB - Objectives: To evaluate work experiences among teens enrolled in school-sponsored work (SSW) programs and compare the findings to other-working teens. This study, the first to assess work-related safety and health for teens in SSW programs, includes teens working one job and teens working multiple jobs. Methods: A survey was conducted among 6810 teens in school districts in five public health regions in Wisconsin. Information on demographics, work characteristics, injury and school performance was collected. Results: Of 3411 high school teens (14-18 years old) working during the school year, 461 were enrolled in SSW programs. SSW teens were more likely to hold multiple jobs, work over 40 h per week, and work 2 or more days per week before 8:00 h compared with other-working teens. SSW teens working only one job were no more likely to be injured than other-working teens. However, SSW teens working multiple jobs were significantly more likely to be severely injured compared to other-working teens (AOR 3.49; 95% CI 1.52 to 8.02). Conclusions: SSW programs were created to prepare youth for transition into the workforce after high school. This first study suggests that students in SSW programs working only one job are no more likely to be injured at work compared with other-working teens. However, being enrolled in SSW programs is not protective against work injury, which would have been expected based on the philosophy of these programs. Furthermore, when students work multiple jobs, those enrolled in SSW programs are more likely to be severely injured. Possible explanations are provided. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249405 IS - 11 KW - Adolescent KW - Epidemiology KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Teenagers; Young workers; Adolescents; Occupational safety and health; Injury prevention; Injuries; Epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Epidemiology KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety LA - eng PY - 2011/11/01 TI - School-sponsored work programs: a first look at differences in work and injury outcomes of teens enrolled in school-to-work programs compared to other-working teens. VL - 68 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249405 ER -
Modelling 3D control of upright stance using an optimal control strategy.

Nussbaum MA ;

Qu X

2012/10/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

A 3D balance control model of quiet upright stance is presented, based on an optimal control strategy, and evaluated in terms of its ability to simulate postural sway in both the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions. The human body was represented as a two-segment inverted pendulum. Several assumptions were made to linearise body dynami ...

12/01/2025

Title : Modelling 3D control of upright stance using an optimal control strategy. Personal Author(s) : Nussbaum MA;Qu X; Published Date : 2012/10/01 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249404 Nussbaum MA and Qu X (2012). Modelling 3D control of upright stance using an optimal control strategy.. 15(10). Nussbaum MA and Qu X "Modelling 3D control of upright stance using an optimal control strategy." 15, no. 10 (2012) Nussbaum MA and Qu X "Modelling 3D control of upright stance using an optimal control strategy." vol. 15, no. 10, 2012 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Nussbaum MA AU - Qu X AB - A 3D balance control model of quiet upright stance is presented, based on an optimal control strategy, and evaluated in terms of its ability to simulate postural sway in both the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions. The human body was represented as a two-segment inverted pendulum. Several assumptions were made to linearise body dynamics, for example, that there was no transverse rotation during upright stance. The neural controller was presumed to be an optimal controller that generates ankle control torque and hip control torque according to certain performance criteria. An optimisation procedure was used to determine the values of unspecified model parameters including random disturbance gains and sensory delay times. This model was used to simulate postural sway behaviours characterised by centre-of-pressure (COP)-based measures. Confidence intervals for all normalised COP-based measures contained unity, indicating no significant differences between any of the simulated COP-based measures and corresponding experimental references. In addition, mean normalised errors for the traditional measures were < 8%, and those for most statistical mechanics measures were approx. 3-66%. On the basis these results, the proposed 3D balance control model appears to have the ability to accurately simulate 3D postural sway behaviours. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249404 IS - 10 KW - Biomechanical Phenomena KW - Ergonomics KW - Musculoskeletal System KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Ergonomics; Posture; Biomechanics; Models; Posture; Biomechanical modeling; Simulation methods; KW - Author Keywords: balance control; 3D model; optimal control strategy; centre-of-pressure; postural sway KW - Biomechanical Phenomena KW - Ergonomics KW - Musculoskeletal System KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety LA - eng PY - 2012/10/01 TI - Modelling 3D control of upright stance using an optimal control strategy. VL - 15 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249404 ER -
Racial discrimination, psychological distress, and self-rated health among US-born and foreign-born Black Americans.

Chen JT ;

Koenen K

2011/09/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Objectives. We investigated associations among racial discrimination, psychological distress, and self-rated health among US-born and immigrant Black Americans. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort of employed working-class Black Americans (193 US-born, 275 foreign-born). Results. Both US-born and foreign-born Black particip ...

12/01/2025

Title : Racial discrimination, psychological distress, and self-rated health among US-born and foreign-born Black Americans. Personal Author(s) : Chen JT;Koenen K;Kosheleva A;Krieger N;Waterman PD; Published Date : 2011/09/01 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249403 Chen JT et al. (2011). Racial discrimination, psychological distress, and self-rated health among US-born and foreign-born Black Americans.. 101(9). Chen JT et al. "Racial discrimination, psychological distress, and self-rated health among US-born and foreign-born Black Americans." 101, no. 9 (2011) Chen JT et al. "Racial discrimination, psychological distress, and self-rated health among US-born and foreign-born Black Americans." vol. 101, no. 9, 2011 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Chen JT AU - Koenen K AU - Kosheleva A AU - Krieger N AU - Waterman PD AB - Objectives. We investigated associations among racial discrimination, psychological distress, and self-rated health among US-born and immigrant Black Americans. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort of employed working-class Black Americans (193 US-born, 275 foreign-born). Results. Both US-born and foreign-born Black participants had high levels of exposure to poverty (51% and 57%, respectively) and racial discrimination (76% and 60%) and reported high levels of severe psychological distress (14% and 16% had a Kessler 6 [K6] score of 13 or greater); 17% and 7% reported fair or poor health. After controlling for relevant covariates, their risk parameters for racial discrimination (high vs no exposure) were 4.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.3, 5.6) and 3.3 (95% CI = 2.1, 4.5), respectively, for continuous K6 score; corresponding odds ratios for severe psychological distress were 6.9 (95% CI = 1.4, 35.7) and 6.8 (95% CI = 2.5, 18.3). No associations existed between racial discrimination and self-reported health, suggesting that an underlying propensity to report adversity does not account for our psychological distress findings. Conclusions. Our results attest to the salience of racial discrimination, nativity, and socioeconomic position in understanding the experiences and psychological health of Black Americans. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249403 IS - 9 KW - Mental Health KW - Nervous System KW - Occupational Health KW - Race Factors KW - Safety KW - Racial factors; Sociological factors; Discrimination; Mental health; Psychological effects; Cross sectional studies KW - Mental Health KW - Nervous System KW - Occupational Health KW - Race Factors KW - Safety LA - eng PY - 2011/09/01 TI - Racial discrimination, psychological distress, and self-rated health among US-born and foreign-born Black Americans. VL - 101 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249403 ER -
Stress measurement and monitoring in anisotropic rock.

Pariseau, W. G.

2022/02/27 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Reliable stress measurement using hollow inclusion gauges and monitoring stress change using borehole stress meters and borehole deformation gauges in anisotropic rock remains a challenge for the rock mechanics community. In this regard, the complex variable method advanced in 1983 for deducing stress in anisotropic rock is flawed and software is p ...

12/01/2025

Title : Stress measurement and monitoring in anisotropic rock. Personal Author(s) : Pariseau, W. G. Published Date : 2022/02/27 Pages in Document : 166-185 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249402 Pariseau, W. G. (2022). Stress measurement and monitoring in anisotropic rock.. Pariseau, W. G. "Stress measurement and monitoring in anisotropic rock." (2022) Pariseau, W. G. "Stress measurement and monitoring in anisotropic rock." , 2022 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Proceedings AU - Pariseau, W. G. AB - Reliable stress measurement using hollow inclusion gauges and monitoring stress change using borehole stress meters and borehole deformation gauges in anisotropic rock remains a challenge for the rock mechanics community. In this regard, the complex variable method advanced in 1983 for deducing stress in anisotropic rock is flawed and software is privileged. Fortunately, advances in computer hardware and software now enable fast, reliable reduction of hollow inclusion stress measurement data for determining stress in anisotropic rock. Monitoring stress change in anisotropic rock poses a different challenge but is also subject to numerical analysis. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249402 KW - Mining KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Software KW - Mining industry; Rock mechanics; Underground mining; Models; Geologic models; Stress analysis; Anisotropy; Computer software; Mining engineering; Monitoring systems KW - Mining KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Software LA - eng PB - Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration (SME) PY - 2022/02/27 TI - Stress measurement and monitoring in anisotropic rock. UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249402 ER -
Research methods for studying workplace ostracism.

Howard DJ ;

Spector PE

2021/01/05 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

This chapter provides an overview of research methods to study workplace ostracism. It begins with a content analysis of 95 published workplace ostracism studies showing that the most often used designs are longitudinal/time-lagged (44%), cross-sectional (27%), and multiple data source (26%). Ostracism is most often measured with survey methods usi ...

12/01/2025

Title : Research methods for studying workplace ostracism. Personal Author(s) : Howard DJ;Spector PE; Published Date : 2021/01/05 Pages in Document : 269-292 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249401 Howard DJ and Spector PE (2021). Research methods for studying workplace ostracism.. Howard DJ and Spector PE "Research methods for studying workplace ostracism." (2021) Howard DJ and Spector PE "Research methods for studying workplace ostracism." , 2021 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Book AU - Howard DJ AU - Spector PE AB - This chapter provides an overview of research methods to study workplace ostracism. It begins with a content analysis of 95 published workplace ostracism studies showing that the most often used designs are longitudinal/time-lagged (44%), cross-sectional (27%), and multiple data source (26%). Ostracism is most often measured with survey methods using the Workplace Ostracism Scale. The discussion continues with research design issues in the study of potential antecedents and consequences of workplace ostracism. The manipulationist view of causality from philosophy of science is directly relevant as it identifies potential causal processes that underlie the effects of an X variable on a Y variable. The distinguishing feature is the focus on an intervention, whether created or observed by the researcher, that is used to manipulate X in hopes of affecting Y. Three conditions are necessary to infer causality: That change in X is only due to the intervention, the intervention acts through X and not directly on Y, and there are no other causes of Y that are related to the intervention. Various designs are discussed including cross-sectional, longitudinal, and multi-source, as well as designs that directly address the study of process, specifically, intervention studies, retrospective event histories, and qualitative studies. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249401 KW - Mental Health KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Workplace KW - Workers; Workplace studies; Statistical analysis; Physical stress; Physical reactions; Physiological effects; Physiological stress; Psychology; Psychological effects; Psychological reactions; Psychological stress; Intervention KW - Mental Health KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Workplace LA - eng PB - Palgrave Macmillan PY - 2021/01/05 TI - Research methods for studying workplace ostracism. UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249401 ER -
The role of technology in the work-family interface.

McMillan JT ;

Shockley KM

2019/02/18 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Recently, researchers have heralded the need to consider the role of technology in the work-family (WF) interface (e.g., Kossek, Baltes, & Matthews, 2011). Spanning many interrelated topics, the intersection of technology and WF; issues has been considered from a broad range of disciplines, including psychology (e.g., Ferguson et al., 2016; Shockle ...

12/01/2025

Title : The role of technology in the work-family interface. Personal Author(s) : McMillan JT;Shockley KM; Published Date : 2019/02/18 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249400 McMillan JT and Shockley KM (2019). The role of technology in the work-family interface.. McMillan JT and Shockley KM "The role of technology in the work-family interface." (2019) McMillan JT and Shockley KM "The role of technology in the work-family interface." , 2019 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Book AU - McMillan JT AU - Shockley KM AB - Recently, researchers have heralded the need to consider the role of technology in the work-family (WF) interface (e.g., Kossek, Baltes, & Matthews, 2011). Spanning many interrelated topics, the intersection of technology and WF; issues has been considered from a broad range of disciplines, including psychology (e.g., Ferguson et al., 2016; Shockley, 2018), management (e.g., Hislop & Axtell, 2007), sociology (e.g., Edley, 2001; Galvin & Schieman, 2010, communication studies (e.g., Berkowsky, 2013; Wright et al., 2014, information technology (e.g., Turel, Serenko & Bontis, 2011), and bioethics (e.g., Goold & Savulescu, 2009). The goal of the present chapter is to review past empirical evidence regarding the role of technology in the WR interface, as well as explore the implications of such technology for future theory and practice in this area. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249400 KW - Behavior KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Workplace KW - Work organization; Workplace studies; Worker health; Workers; Work environment; Behavior; Screening methods; Monitoring systems; Communication systems; Sociological factors; Socioeconomics; Sociology; Work-life balance KW - Behavior KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Workplace LA - eng PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2019/02/18 TI - The role of technology in the work-family interface. UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249400 ER -
The dark side of workplace technology: cyber-related counterproductive work behavior, workplace mistreatment, and violation of workplace ethics.

Howard DJ ;

Spector PE

2020/04/23 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

While technology is beneficial in many ways for organizations, it also allows employees a plethora of new methods to engage in workplace mistreatment and other counterproductive work behavior (CWB). Thus, technology's role in the changing nature of work includes contributing to deleterious organizational and employee wellbeing outcomes. This chapte ...

12/01/2025

Title : The dark side of workplace technology: cyber-related counterproductive work behavior, workplace mistreatment, and violation of workplace ethics. Personal Author(s) : Howard DJ;Spector PE; Published Date : 2020/04/23 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249399 Howard DJ and Spector PE (2020). The dark side of workplace technology: cyber-related counterproductive work behavior, workplace mistreatment, and violation of workplace ethics.. Howard DJ and Spector PE "The dark side of workplace technology: cyber-related counterproductive work behavior, workplace mistreatment, and violation of workplace ethics." (2020) Howard DJ and Spector PE "The dark side of workplace technology: cyber-related counterproductive work behavior, workplace mistreatment, and violation of workplace ethics." , 2020 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Book AU - Howard DJ AU - Spector PE AB - While technology is beneficial in many ways for organizations, it also allows employees a plethora of new methods to engage in workplace mistreatment and other counterproductive work behavior (CWB). Thus, technology's role in the changing nature of work includes contributing to deleterious organizational and employee wellbeing outcomes. This chapter focuses on newer cyber-CWB and cyber occupational health psychology (C-OHP) constructs that lead to these negative workplace effects, including cyber incivility, cyberbullying, cyberloafing, and cybersecurity behaviors. The extant literature in this nascent area suggests that many of these behaviors occur on a frequent basis in today's workplace, and we provide recommendations to lessen the occurrence of C-CWB and C-OHP behaviors. We also discuss potential drawbacks of commonly employed deterrents of these behaviors, such as social media screening and workplace monitoring. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249399 KW - Behavior KW - Bullying KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Workplace KW - Work organization; Occupational psychology; Psychological responses; Workplace studies; Worker health; Qualitative analysis; Workers; Work environment; Behavior; Bullying; Screening methods; Monitoring systems KW - Behavior KW - Bullying KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Workplace LA - eng PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2020/04/23 TI - The dark side of workplace technology: cyber-related counterproductive work behavior, workplace mistreatment, and violation of workplace ethics. UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249399 ER -
Interactions of a high-fat Western diet and crystalline silica inhalation on airway epithelial ion transport and airway reactivity.

Fedan, Jeffery S. ;

Kashon ML

2022/05/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Silicosis, an irreversible occupational lung disease caused by crystalline silica inhalation, is a serious health risk for silica-exposed workers. NIOSH reports that Appalachian coal miners have higher rates of obesity and metabolic dysfunction (MetDys) compared to the general U.S. adult population. MetDys is a risk factor for lung function impairm ...

12/01/2025

Title : Interactions of a high-fat Western diet and crystalline silica inhalation on airway epithelial ion transport and airway reactivity. Personal Author(s) : Fedan, Jeffery S.;Kashon ML;McKinney WS;Thompson JA; Published Date : 2022/05/01 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249398 Fedan, Jeffery S. et al. (2022). Interactions of a high-fat Western diet and crystalline silica inhalation on airway epithelial ion transport and airway reactivity.. 36 Fedan, Jeffery S. et al. "Interactions of a high-fat Western diet and crystalline silica inhalation on airway epithelial ion transport and airway reactivity." 36 (2022) Fedan, Jeffery S. et al. "Interactions of a high-fat Western diet and crystalline silica inhalation on airway epithelial ion transport and airway reactivity." vol. 36, 2022 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Abstract or Summary AU - Fedan, Jeffery S. AU - Kashon ML AU - McKinney WS AU - Thompson JA AB - Silicosis, an irreversible occupational lung disease caused by crystalline silica inhalation, is a serious health risk for silica-exposed workers. NIOSH reports that Appalachian coal miners have higher rates of obesity and metabolic dysfunction (MetDys) compared to the general U.S. adult population. MetDys is a risk factor for lung function impairment, pulmonary hypertension, and asthma. Consumption of a high-fat Western diet (HFWD) is associated with obesity and MetDys. In this study, we investigated the effects of, and determine interactions between, HFWD-consumption and silica-exposure on airway epithelial ion transport and smooth muscle reactivity in the F344 rat. Six-week-old male F344 rats were fed either a HFWD [40.6% fat (19.5% lard), 40.6% total carbohydrate (20% sucrose), 14.8 % protein] or standard rat chow (STD) [6.2 % fat, 44.2 % carbohydrate (grain sources), 18.6 % protein] for the duration of the study. Following 16 weeks of diet-consumption, inhalation exposure to respirable crystalline silica (Min-U-Sil 5®, 15 mg/m3, 6 h/d, 5 d/wk, for 39 d) or filtered air began, with endpoint experiments conducted at 0, 4, and 8 wk post-exposure. Airway epithelial ion transport maintains airway surface liquid osmolarity and depth required for effective cilia motility and clearance of xenogens. Changes in ion transport were determined ex vivo by measurement of transepithelial potential difference (Vt), short-circuit current (ISC) and transepithelial resistance (Rt) in rat tracheal segments mounted in Ussing chambers, and administered the ion transport inhibitors amiloride (Na+ channel blocker; apical), 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB; Cl¯ channel blocker; apical), and ouabain (Na+, K+-pump blocker; basolateral). Airway hyperresponsiveness is associated with obesity and pulmonary diseases such as asthma and COPD; thus, the isolated perfused trachea apparatus was employed to ascertain whether silica or HFWD altered airway smooth muscle reactivity to serosal or mucosal applied methacholine (MCh). HFWD-consumption had no effect on basal Vt. Silica exposure increased Na+ transport at 0 wk, decreased basal ISC at 4 wk, and reduced Cl- channel and Na+, K+-pump activity at both 4 wk and 8 wk compared to STD+AIR controls. HFWD-consumption caused a reduction in Cl- transport and Na+, K+-pump activity at 4 wk, while increasing Rt in response to ouabain at 0 wk and NPPB at 8 wk compared to STD+AIR. HFWD+SIL increased basal ISC at 0 and 4 wk, caused reduction in Cl- transport and Na+, K+-pump activity at 4 wk, while reducing Rtin response to ouabain at 4 wk compared to STD+SIL. No significant changes in tracheal reactivity to MCh were observed. In conclusion, HFWD and silica altered epithelial ion transport, but the combined effects of HFWD+SIL were not synergistic. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249398 KW - Animals KW - Occupational Health KW - Respiratory System KW - Safety KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - Silica; Dietary effects; Animal studies; Inhalation studies; Silicosis KW - Animals KW - Occupational Health KW - Respiratory System KW - Safety KW - Silicon Dioxide LA - eng PY - 2022/05/01 TI - Interactions of a high-fat Western diet and crystalline silica inhalation on airway epithelial ion transport and airway reactivity. VL - 36 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249398 ER -
Estimates of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in major occupational groups and detailed occupational categories in the United States, April-May 2021.

Cox-Ganser, Jean M. ;

Groth CP

2022/07/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Background: While other studies have reported estimates of COVID-19 vaccine uptake by broad occupational group, little is known about vaccine uptake by detailed occupational category. Methods: Data on COVID-19 vaccination were provided by US adults ages ≥18 years old who responded to the Facebook/Delphi Group COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey ...

12/01/2025

Title : Estimates of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in major occupational groups and detailed occupational categories in the United States, April-May 2021. Personal Author(s) : Cox-Ganser, Jean M.;Groth CP;Guthrie GM;Henneberger, Paul K.; Published Date : 2022/07/01 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249397 Cox-Ganser, Jean M. et al. (2022). Estimates of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in major occupational groups and detailed occupational categories in the United States, April-May 2021.. 65(7). Cox-Ganser, Jean M. et al. "Estimates of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in major occupational groups and detailed occupational categories in the United States, April-May 2021." 65, no. 7 (2022) Cox-Ganser, Jean M. et al. "Estimates of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in major occupational groups and detailed occupational categories in the United States, April-May 2021." vol. 65, no. 7, 2022 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Cox-Ganser, Jean M. AU - Groth CP AU - Guthrie GM AU - Henneberger, Paul K. AB - Background: While other studies have reported estimates of COVID-19 vaccine uptake by broad occupational group, little is known about vaccine uptake by detailed occupational category. Methods: Data on COVID-19 vaccination were provided by US adults ages ≥18 years old who responded to the Facebook/Delphi Group COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey (Delphi US CTIS) in April-May 2021, reported working for pay in the past 4 weeks, and answered questions about their COVID-19 vaccine status. Percentages of occupational groups reporting having had at least one COVID-19 vaccination were weighted to resemble the US general population and calculated for 23 major occupational groups and 120 detailed occupational categories in 15 major groups. Results: COVID-19 vaccine uptake for all 828,401 working adult respondents was 73.6%. Uptake varied considerably across the 23 major occupational groups, from 45.7% for Construction and Extraction to 87.9% for Education, Training, and Library. Percentage vaccinated was also very low for Installation, Maintenance, and Repair at 52.1% and Farming, Fishing, and Forestry at 53.9%. Among the 120 detailed occupational categories, the highest percentage vaccinated was 93.9% for Postsecondary Teacher and the three lowest values were 39.1% for Any Extraction Worker in Oil, Gas, Mining, or Quarrying; 40.1% for Vehicle or Mobile Equipment Mechanic, Installer, or Repairer; and 42.0% for Any Construction Trades Worker. Conclusion: Low vaccination percentages were seen in many US occupations by the end of May 2021, early in the period of widespread availability of vaccines for adults. These findings could help inform the deployment of occupation-specific vaccine promotion activities during future viral epidemics and pandemics. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249397 IS - 7 KW - Communicable Diseases KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Occupations; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccines; Health surveys; KW - Author Keywords: COVID-19; occupations; survey; vaccination; workers KW - Communicable Diseases KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Surveys and Questionnaires LA - eng PY - 2022/07/01 TI - Estimates of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in major occupational groups and detailed occupational categories in the United States, April-May 2021. VL - 65 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249397 ER -
Occupational health and sleep issues in underserved populations [2019].

Green McKenzie J ;

Kalliny M

2019/01/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

KEY POINTS: In the United States, substantial racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities exist in sleep health. Poor sleep is associated with a wide range of health effects, and therefore, it is important that primary care physicians working in underserved communities are aware of this disparity and target this higher-risk group for focused eval ...

12/01/2025

Title : Occupational health and sleep issues in underserved populations [2019]. Personal Author(s) : Green McKenzie J;Kalliny M; Published Date : 2019/01/01 Pages in Document : 81-105 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249396 Green McKenzie J and Kalliny M (2019). Occupational health and sleep issues in underserved populations [2019].. 4(1). Green McKenzie J and Kalliny M "Occupational health and sleep issues in underserved populations [2019]." 4, no. 1 (2019) Green McKenzie J and Kalliny M "Occupational health and sleep issues in underserved populations [2019]." vol. 4, no. 1, 2019 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Green McKenzie J AU - Kalliny M AB - KEY POINTS: In the United States, substantial racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities exist in sleep health. Poor sleep is associated with a wide range of health effects, and therefore, it is important that primary care physicians working in underserved communities are aware of this disparity and target this higher-risk group for focused evaluation and intervention. The workplace, home, and social environment, as well as diet and genetics among other factors, work together to affect an individual's health status. Workplace hazards impact one's overall health status, which in turn impact one's ability to obtain, perform, and tolerate work, as well as gain satisfaction from work. Primary care physicians should be familiar not only with the type of work an individual does but also with workplace hazards and their effects on individual's health and how to address them. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249396 IS - 1 KW - Healthcare Disparities KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Sleep KW - Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders KW - Occupational health; Sleep disorders; Health disparities; Sociological factors; Worker safety; Work capability; Health effects; Occupational hazards; KW - Author Keywords: Sleep disorders; Sleep health disparities; Burden of occupational injury and illness; Occupational hazards injuries and illnesses in underserved worker populations; Workers' compensation KW - Healthcare Disparities KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Sleep KW - Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders LA - eng PY - 2019/01/01 TI - Occupational health and sleep issues in underserved populations [2019]. VL - 4 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249396 ER -
Occupational health and sleep issues in underserved populations [2017].

Green McKenzie J ;

Kalliny M

2017/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

As employers, governments, and national and international organizations work toward improving the health and safety of all workers, the road toward improved worker health will continue to be made clearer. There are inequities in that some workers are afforded care, whereas others are afforded suboptimal care or no care at all. Poverty and marginali ...

12/01/2025

Title : Occupational health and sleep issues in underserved populations [2017]. Personal Author(s) : Green McKenzie J;Kalliny M; Published Date : 2017/03/01 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249395 Green McKenzie J and Kalliny M (2017). Occupational health and sleep issues in underserved populations [2017].. 44(1). Green McKenzie J and Kalliny M "Occupational health and sleep issues in underserved populations [2017]." 44, no. 1 (2017) Green McKenzie J and Kalliny M "Occupational health and sleep issues in underserved populations [2017]." vol. 44, no. 1, 2017 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Green McKenzie J AU - Kalliny M AB - As employers, governments, and national and international organizations work toward improving the health and safety of all workers, the road toward improved worker health will continue to be made clearer. There are inequities in that some workers are afforded care, whereas others are afforded suboptimal care or no care at all. Poverty and marginalized status in societies play a role. Indeed, in the United States, health insurance and Workers' compensation insurance are usually tethered to full-time employment so this safety net is only available to covered lives. Even so, workers with a real or perceived barrier to seeking care for a related injury or illness, covered or not, will not receive this benefit. Prevention is the optimal way to improve worker health and safety. As the science improves and occupational health and safety becomes more mainstream, PCPs will be increasingly equipped to help workers and worker populations attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249395 IS - 1 KW - Healthcare Disparities KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Sleep KW - Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders KW - Occupational health; Sleep disorders; Health disparities; Sociological factors; Worker safety; Work capability; Health effects; Occupational hazards; KW - Author Keywords: Sleep disorders; Sleep health disparities; Burden of occupational injury and illness; Occupational hazards injuries and illnesses in underserved worker populations; Workers' compensation KW - Healthcare Disparities KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Sleep KW - Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders LA - eng PY - 2017/03/01 TI - Occupational health and sleep issues in underserved populations [2017]. VL - 44 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249395 ER -
Effect of opioid vs nonopioid medications on pain-related function in patients with chronic back pain or hip or knee osteoarthritis pain: the SPACE Randomized Clinical Trial.

Bair MJ ;

DeRonne B

2018/03/06 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

IMPORTANCE: Limited evidence is available regarding long-term outcomes of opioids compared with nonopioid medications for chronic pain. OBJECTIVE: To compare opioid vs nonopioid medications over 12 months on pain-related function, pain intensity, and adverse effects. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Pragmatic, 12-month, randomized trial with mask ...

12/01/2025

Title : Effect of opioid vs nonopioid medications on pain-related function in patients with chronic back pain or hip or knee osteoarthritis pain: the SPACE Randomized Clinical Trial. Personal Author(s) : Bair MJ;DeRonne B;Goldsmith ES;Gravely A;Jensen AC;Krebs EE;Kroenke K;Noorbaloochi S;Nugent S; Published Date : 2018/03/06 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249394 Bair MJ et al. (2018). Effect of opioid vs nonopioid medications on pain-related function in patients with chronic back pain or hip or knee osteoarthritis pain: the SPACE Randomized Clinical Trial.. 319(9). Bair MJ et al. "Effect of opioid vs nonopioid medications on pain-related function in patients with chronic back pain or hip or knee osteoarthritis pain: the SPACE Randomized Clinical Trial." 319, no. 9 (2018) Bair MJ et al. "Effect of opioid vs nonopioid medications on pain-related function in patients with chronic back pain or hip or knee osteoarthritis pain: the SPACE Randomized Clinical Trial." vol. 319, no. 9, 2018 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Bair MJ AU - DeRonne B AU - Goldsmith ES AU - Gravely A AU - Jensen AC AU - Krebs EE AU - Kroenke K AU - Noorbaloochi S AU - Nugent S AB - IMPORTANCE: Limited evidence is available regarding long-term outcomes of opioids compared with nonopioid medications for chronic pain. OBJECTIVE: To compare opioid vs nonopioid medications over 12 months on pain-related function, pain intensity, and adverse effects. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Pragmatic, 12-month, randomized trial with masked outcome assessment. Patients were recruited from Veterans Affairs primary care clinics from June 2013 through December 2015; follow-up was completed December 2016. Eligible patients had moderate to severe chronic back pain or hip or knee osteoarthritis pain despite analgesic use. Of 265 patients enrolled, 25 withdrew prior to randomization and 240 were randomized. INTERVENTIONS: Both interventions (opioid and nonopioid medication therapy) followed a treat-to-target strategy aiming for improved pain and function. Each intervention had its own prescribing strategy that included multiple medication options in 3 steps. In the opioid group, the first step was immediate-release morphine, oxycodone, or hydrocodone/acetaminophen. For the nonopioid group, the first step was acetaminophen (paracetamol) or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Medications were changed, added, or adjusted within the assigned treatment group according to individual patient response. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was pain-related function (Brief Pain Inventory [BPI] interference scale) over 12 months and the main secondary outcome was pain intensity (BPI severity scale). For both BPI scales (range, 0-10; higher scores = worse function or pain intensity), a 1-point improvement was clinically important. The primary adverse outcome was medication-related symptoms (patient-reported checklist; range, 0-19). RESULTS: Among 240 randomized patients (mean age, 58.3 years; women, 32 [13.0%]), 234 (97.5%) completed the trial. Groups did not significantly differ on pain-related function over 12 months (overall P = .58); mean 12-month BPI interference was 3.4 for the opioid group and 3.3 for the nonopioid group (difference, 0.1 [95% CI, -0.5 to 0.7]). Pain intensity was significantly better in the nonopioid group over 12 months (overall P = .03); mean 12-month BPI severity was 4.0 for the opioid group and 3.5 for the nonopioid group (difference, 0.5 [95% CI, 0.0 to 1.0]). Adverse medication-related symptoms were significantly more common in the opioid group over 12 months (overall P = .03); mean medication-related symptoms at 12 months were 1.8 in the opioid group and 0.9 in the nonopioid group (difference, 0.9 [95% CI, 0.3 to 1.5]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Treatment with opioids was not superior to treatment with nonopioid medications for improving pain-related function over 12 months. Results do not support initiation of opioid therapy for moderate to severe chronic back pain or hip or knee osteoarthritis pain. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249394 IS - 9 KW - Biopharmaceutics KW - Drug Therapy KW - Musculoskeletal System KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Medical treatment; Drug therapy; Pharmaceuticals; Health care; Pain tolerance; Low back pain; Rheumatoid disorders; Clinical symptoms KW - Biopharmaceutics KW - Drug Therapy KW - Musculoskeletal System KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety LA - eng PY - 2018/03/06 TI - Effect of opioid vs nonopioid medications on pain-related function in patients with chronic back pain or hip or knee osteoarthritis pain: the SPACE Randomized Clinical Trial. VL - 319 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249394 ER -
Risk of injury after evening and night work - findings from the Danish Working Hour Database.

Conway SH ;

Dyreborg J

2018/07/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Objectives Evening and night work have been associated with higher risk of injury than day work. However, previous findings may be affected by recall bias and unmeasured confounding from differences between day, evening and night workers. This study investigates whether evening and night work during the past week increases risk of injury when reduc ...

12/01/2025

Title : Risk of injury after evening and night work - findings from the Danish Working Hour Database. Personal Author(s) : Conway SH;Dyreborg J;Garde AH;Hansen AM;Hansen J;Kolstad HA;Larsen AD;Nabe-Nielsen K;Nielsen HB;Pompeii LA; Published Date : 2018/07/01 Pages in Document : 385-393 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249393 Conway SH et al. (2018). Risk of injury after evening and night work - findings from the Danish Working Hour Database.. 44(4). Conway SH et al. "Risk of injury after evening and night work - findings from the Danish Working Hour Database." 44, no. 4 (2018) Conway SH et al. "Risk of injury after evening and night work - findings from the Danish Working Hour Database." vol. 44, no. 4, 2018 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Conway SH AU - Dyreborg J AU - Garde AH AU - Hansen AM AU - Hansen J AU - Kolstad HA AU - Larsen AD AU - Nabe-Nielsen K AU - Nielsen HB AU - Pompeii LA AB - Objectives Evening and night work have been associated with higher risk of injury than day work. However, previous findings may be affected by recall bias and unmeasured confounding from differences between day, evening and night workers. This study investigates whether evening and night work during the past week increases risk of injury when reducing recall bias and unmeasured confounding. Methods We linked daily working hours at the individual level of 69,200 employees (167,726 person years from 2008-2015), primarily working at hospitals to registry information on 11,834 injuries leading to emergency room visits or death. Analyses were conducted with Poisson regression models in the full population including permanent day, evening and night workers, and in two sub-populations of evening and night workers, with both day and evening or night work, respectively. Thus, the exchangeability between exposure and reference group was improved in the two sub-populations. Results Risk of injury was higher after a week with evening work [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26-1.37] and night work (IRR 1.33, 95% CI 1.25-1.41) compared with only day work. Similar, although attenuated, estimates were found for evening work among evening workers (IRR 1.18, 95% CI 1.12-1.25), and for night work among night workers (IRR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.20). Conclusion There is an overall increased risk of injury after a week that has included evening or night work compared with only day work. Though attenuated, the higher risk remains after reducing unmeasured confounding. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249393 IS - 4 KW - Accidents, Occupational KW - Cohort Studies KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Accident rates; Injuries; Shift workers; Work schedules; Longitudinal study; Cohort studies; KW - Author Keywords: accident; evening shift; evening work; night shift; shift work; work pattern; work schedule tolerance KW - Accidents, Occupational KW - Cohort Studies KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety LA - eng PY - 2018/07/01 TI - Risk of injury after evening and night work - findings from the Danish Working Hour Database. VL - 44 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249393 ER -
Proficiency in identifying, managing and communicating medical errors: feasibility and validity study assessing two core competencies.

Abu Dabrh AM ;

Buchta WG

2016/09/02 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Background: Communication skills and professionalism are two competencies in graduate medical education that are challenging to evaluate. We aimed to develop, test and validate a de novo instrument to evaluate these two competencies. Methods: Using an Objective Standardized Clinical Examination (OSCE) based on a medication error scenario, we develo ...

12/01/2025

Title : Proficiency in identifying, managing and communicating medical errors: feasibility and validity study assessing two core competencies. Personal Author(s) : Abu Dabrh AM;Buchta WG;Lovett AK;Murad MH;Newcomb RD;Steffen MW;Steinkraus LW;Wang Z; Published Date : 2016/09/02 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249392 Abu Dabrh AM et al. (2016). Proficiency in identifying, managing and communicating medical errors: feasibility and validity study assessing two core competencies.. 16(1). Abu Dabrh AM et al. "Proficiency in identifying, managing and communicating medical errors: feasibility and validity study assessing two core competencies." 16, no. 1 (2016) Abu Dabrh AM et al. "Proficiency in identifying, managing and communicating medical errors: feasibility and validity study assessing two core competencies." vol. 16, no. 1, 2016 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Abu Dabrh AM AU - Buchta WG AU - Lovett AK AU - Murad MH AU - Newcomb RD AU - Steffen MW AU - Steinkraus LW AU - Wang Z AB - Background: Communication skills and professionalism are two competencies in graduate medical education that are challenging to evaluate. We aimed to develop, test and validate a de novo instrument to evaluate these two competencies. Methods: Using an Objective Standardized Clinical Examination (OSCE) based on a medication error scenario, we developed an assessment instrument that focuses on distinctive domains [context of discussion, communication and detection of error, management of error, empathy, use of electronic medical record (EMR) and electronic medical information resources (EMIR), and global rating]. The aim was to test feasibility, acceptability, and reliability of the method. Results: Faculty and standardized patients (SPs) evaluated 56 trainees using the instrument. The inter-rater reliability of agreement between faculty was substantial (Fleiss k = 0.71) and intraclass correlation efficient was excellent (ICC = 0.80). The measured agreement between faculty and SPs evaluation of resident was lower (Fleiss k = 0.36). The instrument showed good conformity (ICC = 0.74). The majority of the trainees (75 %) had satisfactory or higher performance in all six assessed domains and 86 % found the OSCE to be realistic. Sixty percent reported not receiving feedback on EMR use and asked for subsequent training. Conclusion: An OSCE-based instrument using a medical error scenario can be used to assess competency in professionalism, communication, using EMRs and managing medical errors. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249392 IS - 1 KW - Communication KW - Delivery of Health Care KW - Education KW - Health Personnel KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Staff Development KW - Physicians; Education; Health care workers; Medical care; Electronic health records; Performance tests; Communication research; Training; KW - Author Keywords: Communication skills; Professionalism; Core competencies; Medical training; Medical errors; ACGME KW - Communication KW - Delivery of Health Care KW - Education KW - Health Personnel KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Staff Development LA - eng PY - 2016/09/02 TI - Proficiency in identifying, managing and communicating medical errors: feasibility and validity study assessing two core competencies. VL - 16 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249392 ER -

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