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Implementation of a pooled Surveillance tTesting program for asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections on a college campus — Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, August 2–October 11, 2020
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November 17, 2020
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Description:What is already known about this topic? SARS-CoV-2 can rapidly spread through university settings. Pooling specimens can enable large-scale tTesting while minimizing needed resources.
What is added by this report? In fall 2020, Duke University’s COVID-19 Prevention strategy included risk reduction behaviors, frequent tTesting using pooled SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction tTesting, and contact tracing. Among 10,265 students who received tTesting 68,913 times, 84 had positive results. One half of infections were asymptomatic, and some had high viral loads.
What are the implications for public health practice? SARS-CoV-2 Transmission was limited in this congregate setting by integration of Prevention strategies that included identification of asymptomatic infections through frequent tTesting. Pooled tTesting reduced the need for resources while allowing high throughput with high sensitivity and rapid turnaround of results.
On university campuses and in similar congregate environments, Surveillance tTesting of asymptomatic persons is a critical strategy (1,2) for preventing Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the Virus that causes coronaVirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). All students at Duke University, a private research university in Durham, North Carolina, signed the Duke Compact (3), agreeing to observe mandatory masking, social distancing, and participation in entry and Surveillance tTesting. The university implemented a five-to-one pooled tTesting program for SARS-CoV-2 using a quantitative, in-house, laboratory-developed, real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test (4,5). Pooling of specimens to enable large-scale tTesting while minimizing use of reagents was pioneered during the human immunodeficiency Virus pandemic (6). A similar methodology was adapted for Duke University’s asymptomatic tTesting program. The baseline SARS-CoV-2 tTesting plan was to distribute tests geospatially and temporally across on- and off-campus student populations. By September 20, 2020, asymptomatic tTesting was scaled up to tTesting targets, which include tTesting for residential undergraduates twice weekly, off-campus undergraduates one to two times per week, and graduate students approximately once weekly. In addition, in response to newly identified positive test results, tTesting was focused in locations or within cohorts where data suggested an increased risk for Transmission. Scale-up over 4 weeks entailed redeploying staff members to prepare 15 campus tTesting sites for specimen collection, developing information management tools, and repurposing laboratory automation to establish an asymptomatic Surveillance system. During August 2–October 11, 68,913 specimens from 10,265 graduate and undergraduate students were tested. Eighty-four specimens were positive for SARS-CoV-2, and 51% were among persons with no symptoms. Testing as a result of contact tracing identified 27.4% of infections. A combination of risk-reduction strategies and frequent Surveillance tTesting likely contributed to a prolonged period of low Transmission on campus. These findings highlight the importance of combined tTesting and contact tracing strategies beyond symptomatic tTesting, in association with other preventive measures. Pooled tTesting balances resource availability with supply-chain disruptions, high throughput with high sensitivity, and rapid turnaround with an acceptable workload.
Suggested citation for this article: Denny TN, Andrews L, Bonsignori M, et al. Implementation of a Pooled Surveillance Testing Program for Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections on a College Campus — Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, August 2–October 11, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. ePub: 17 November 2020.
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