Persistence of yellow fever virus-specific neutralizing antibodies after vaccination among US travellers

Details

• Alternative Title:
  J Travel Med
• Personal Author:
  Lindsey, Nicole P. ; Horiuchi, Kalanthe A. ; Fulton, Corey ; Panella, Amanda J. ; Kosoy, Olga I. ; Velez, Jason O. ; Krow-Lucal, Elizabeth R. ; Fischer, Marc ; Staples, J. Erin
• Description:
  Background:
  
  Few studies have assessed the duration of humoral immunity following yellow fever (YF) vaccination in a non-endemic population. We evaluated seropositivity among US resident travellers based on time post-vaccination.
  
  Methods:
  
  We identified serum samples from US travellers with YF virus-specific plaque reduction neutralization testing (PRNT) performed at CDC from 1988 to 2016. Analyses were conducted to assess the effect of time since vaccination on neutralizing antibody titer counts.
  
  Results:
  
  Among 234 travellers who had neutralizing antibody testing performed on a specimen obtained ≥1 month after vaccination, 13 received multiple YF vaccinations and 221 had one dose of YF vaccine reported. All 13 who received more than one dose of YF vaccine had a positive PRNT regardless of the amount time since most recent vaccination. Among the 221 travellers with one reported dose of YF vaccine, 155 (70%) were vaccinated within 10 years (range 1 month–9 years) and 66 (30%) were vaccinated ≥10 years (range 10–53 years) prior to serum collection. Among the 155 individuals vaccinated, <10 years prior to serum collection, 146 (94%) had a positive PRNT compared with 82% (54/66) of individuals vaccinated ≥10 years prior to serum collection (P = 0.01). Post-vaccination PRNT titers showed a time-dependent decrease. Individuals with immunocompromising conditions were less likely to have a positive PRNT (77%) compared with those who were not immunocompromised (92%; P = 0.04).
  
  Conclusion:
  
  Although the percentage of vaccinees with a positive PRNT and antibody titers decreased over time, a single dose of YF vaccine provided long-lasting protection in the majority of US travellers. A booster dose could be considered for certain travellers who are planning travel to a high risk area based on immune competence and time since vaccination.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Antibodies Antibodies, Neutralizing Antibodies, Viral Article Female Humans Male Neutralization Tests Travel Vaccination Viral Vaccines Yellow Fever Yellow Fever Vaccine Yellow Fever Virus

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• Source:
  J Travel Med. 25(1)
• Pubmed ID:
  30346562
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC7135922
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHS/United States
• Volume:
  25
• Issue:
  1
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:ba0433a39fe849e4944894c20f93d087ce2ba4c3dcaf8a63e97fc13a030f3f55
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/86600/cdc_86600_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 273.30 KB ]