The impact of worksite wellness programs by size of business: A three-year longitudinal study of participation, health benefits, absenteeism, and presenteeism

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Ann Work Expo Health
• Personal Author:
  Schwatka, Natalie V. ; Smith, Derek ; Weitzenkamp, David ; Atherly, Adam ; Dally, Miranda J. ; Brockbank, Claire v.S. ; Tenney, Liliana ; Goetzel, Ron Z. ; Jinnett, Kimberly ; McMillen, James ; Newman, Lee S.
• Description:
  Objective
  
  Worksite wellness programs (WWP) may positively impact employee health, medical expenditures, absenteeism and presenteeism. However, there has been little research to assess the benefits of WWP in small businesses. The purpose of this study is to prospectively evaluate changes in health, absenteeism and presenteeism for employees who participated in a WWP.
  
  Methods
  
  We conducted an observational, three-year cohort study of 5,766 employees from 314 businesses of differing sizes. We followed two cohorts of employees, who completed at least two annual health risk assessments (HRA) between May 2010 and December 2014. Changes from baseline to the first and second follow-up periods were assessed for chronic and non-chronic health conditions, absenteeism and presenteeism.
  
  Results
  
  Small business employees were more likely to participate in the WWP than were employees from large businesses. Changes in chronic and non-chronic health conditions varied by size of business, with small business employees showing improvements in stress, overall health, depression, smoking status, vegetable and fruit consumption, and physical activity, and in their perceptions of job health culture. In contrast, large business employees experienced improvements in stress, vegetable consumption, and alcohol use. No changes in absenteeism or presenteeism were observed.
  
  Conclusions
  
  Small businesses achieve higher employee participation rates and more health improvements when compared to employees from large employers. Findings suggest that small businesses may gain the most from a WWP.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Absenteeism Adult Health Promotion Health Status Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Occupational Health Presenteeism Prospective Studies Risk Assessment Small Business Workplace Young Adult

  More +
• Source:
  Ann Work Expo Health. 62(Suppl 1):S42-S54
• Pubmed ID:
  30212884
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC7065409
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  U19 OH011227/OH/NIOSH CDC HHS/United States
• Place as Subject:
  United States
• Volume:
  62
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:eef189a5eafde60bafde65d9e8a06f2b015ac55063fdec02b30735de60415d52
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/85853/cdc_85853_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 426.75 KB ]